


^ 






,0 9 



O0 1 



, v v ** 







$W <* "^ 'j. 


















o<y 



^ V' 









'^ ^ 









■* -V 






/ 
















!if?\^ - \ * 



J 




X 





Frontispiece to Bentley's Spelling-Book. 



THE 

PICTORIAL 

SPELMJfG BOOK: 

CONTAINING 

An improved method of teaching the alphabet, 

and likewise spelling and pronunciation, 

by the use of Pictures : interspersed 

with a variety of useful and 

INTERESTING 

1IA©EH® LISS@Iffi 8 

ILLUSTRATED WITH 

NUMEROUS EraGRAVIBTOS. 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 

Examples for Spelling and Defining words, by 
placing them synonymously : 

ALSO, 

RULES AND EXAMPLES 
FOR SPELLING DERIVATIVE WORDS ; 

AND EXAMPLES OF 

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES, WITH THEIR DEFINITIONS 

With other useful and interesting- matter, being- an im- 
provement on the English Spelling Book. 

The orthography and pronunciation adapted to the best usage. 



BY RENSSELAER BENTLEY, 

Author of the English Spelling Book, American Instructer, Derivative 
Expositor, &c. 



NEW-YORK: 
ROBINSON, PRATT & CO. 

1841. 



. ?e e>,& 



ADVERTISEMENT. 

In the elementary books published by the author some years ago, 
the orthography and pronunciation of Walker's Dictionary was strictly 
adhered to — the present work, not being confined to that Dictionary 
as a standard, will, in some few words, differ from those formerly pub- 
lished. In the present work, much care has been taken to ascertain 
the most approved orthography and pronunciation of such words as 
are considered doubtful or unsettled ; to accomplish an object so desi- 
rable, reference has been had to our best speakers and writers, and 
where their decisions have been corroborated by our best Dictiona- 
aries, they have been adopted. 

With proper respect for the opinions of others, we would here 
briefly allude to the subject of synonymous words, which at present 
seems to interest and engage public attention. By a careful examina- 
tion of Crabb's English Synonymes, the most complete and scientific 
work of the kind ever published in the English Language, and the 
origin of all minor works, but few words will be found, comparatively 
speaking, that are strictly synonymous : although some writers have 
made the class very great. Their good intention is not doubted, nor 
is this meant to detract from the merit of their works : but upon a 
careful examination, much will be found, it is believed, in which " the 
nice shades of distinction between words closely allied," are not suffi- 
ciently preserved ; and therefore not in accordance with the settled 
principles of the language. Popular opinion is often governed by 
impulse, instead of sober reason and careful investigation; and 
thereby errors, gross errors frequently pass unnoticed and uncor- 
rected ; whereby much injury is done, not only to the rising genera- 
tion, but to the purity of the language. 



' 



i» ; W 



Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by 
Rensselaer Bentlet, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of 
the Southern District of New- York. 



PREFACE. 



The Spelling Book, being usually the primary look of in- 
struction, is, perhaps, the most important one, so far as edu- 
cation is concerned, that is ever put into the hands of the pupil. 
Being the guide and inductor to the whole round of literature 
and science, it is naturally regarded, in the conceptions of the 
child, as the representative of the train that follows. So if this 
in itself be dull, or is made to produce the impression of dullness 
upon the mind of the young scholar, the idea will inva- 
riably be associated with every succeeding book of instruction. 
Thus the business of study and learning, instead of being regard- 
ed as a rational pleasure, becomes a spiritless and uninteresting 
drudgery. This sense of disgust is sometimes heightened by 
the injudicious teacher, in assigning lessons as a task or a pun- 
ishment — a course never sufficiently to be reprehended. Hence 
the origin of the complaint, so often made by parents in regard 
to their children — that they cannot conquer their aversion to 
books and to study, and consequently find unavailing every ef- 
fort to make them scholars. 

Aware of these evils from personal experience in the business 
of instruction, the author has been induced to attempt a remedy ; 
how far he has succeeded, the public will decide. To this end, 
he has endeavoured to render the gradations of ascent in the 
pupil's incipient attainment, as easy and interesting as possible ; 
and though his course must be " onward and upward" yet that 
the toil of each succeeding step may be repaid by the novelty 
and interest of new scenes. Thus, while it has been a con- 
stant endeavour to interest and amuse, it has been with a strict 
and ultimate regard to improvement. * To secure this object, 
such words are inserted in the introductory spelling sections, as 
will convey familiar and definite ideas to the child. Interspersed 
with these words are pictures, designed not only to excite 
the attention of the pupil, but also to enable him readily and 
j easily to comprehend the words themselves. Pictures are 



6 PREFACE. 

also introduced as illustrations, (not as embellishments,) to the 
reading lessons, in order to unfold the story, and render it more 
attractive. Thus a pleasurable excitement will be produced in 
the pupil's mind, and acquisition, it is believed, will cease to be 
regarded as a drudgery. 

In arranging the spelling lessons which are more difficult, the 
words which have the same meaning, are classed together in 
such a manner that each word defines its opposite : this gives 
variety to the spelling exercises, and at the same time introdu- 
ces the study of definitions. Concise rules and examples are 
likewise given for spelling Derivative Words, (a subject almost 
entirely neglected,) a knowledge of which, would correct many 
of the gross errors so common among writers. The prefixes 
and suffixes are also explained in the most familar terms ; with 
examples, and full definitions : with many other useful and in- 
interesting lessons. — The whole, adapted to the capacity and 
comprehension of children. 

Many excellent primers or picture-books have been published 
for the use of children, with a view of substituting them for the 
spelling-book ; but they seem to have entirely failed in their ob- 
ject, in consequence of the great deficiency in the variety of 
spelling lessons. The present work will contain, not only all 
that is necessary in a spelling-book, but also the amusement so 
eagerly sought for in picture-books, thus making " amusement 
the vehicle of instruction" which is so great a desideratum. 

The work is now submitted to the inspection of a candid and 
enlightened community, with the hope that it will receive a thor- 
ough and impartial examination ; believing those school books 
which are best calculated to accelerate the improvement of 
youth, and promote the objects for which they are designed, 
will have the preference in our common schools. 

New-Yorkj May, 1839. 



RUDIMENTS OF THE 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 



The first principles or elements of pronunciation, are letters : 
of which there are twenty -six in the English Language. 

The letters when taken together, are called the English 
Alphabet. 

The Alphabet is divided into vowels and consonants. 

A vowel is a letter which can be sounded by itself, without 
the assistance of any other letter. 

The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w, and y. 

A consonant is a letter which cannot be fully sounded with- 
out the help of a vowel. 

The consonants are b, c, d,f, g, h, j, k, I, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, 
v, x, z, and sometimes w, and y. 

A compound character is two consonants united, which re- 
present a distinct simple sound. They are ch, sh, ih, and ng. 

The sounds of the Vowels. 

A has five sounds : a long sound, as in pale ; a short sound, 
as in pat ; a long broad sound, as in pall ; a flat sound, as in 
far ; and a short broad sound, as in wad. 

E has four sounds : a long sound, as in here ; a short sound, 
as in hen ; the sound of u short, as in her ; and the sound of 
a long, as in tete. 

I has four sounds : a long sound, as in bite ; a short sound, 
as in bit ; the sound of u short, as in bird ; and the sound of 
e long, as in police. 

O has six sounds : a long sound, as in note ; a long broad 
sound, as in nor ; a short broad sound, as in not ; the sound of 
oo proper, as in move ; the sound of oo short, as in wolf; and 
the sound of u short, as in love. 

U has three sounds : a long sound, as in cube ; a short 
sound, as in cub ; and the sound of oo short, as in pull. 

W, when a vowel, has one sound ; which is the same that 
u would have in the same situation ; as in how. 

Y", when a vowel, has two sounds : a long sound, as in style ; 
and a short sound, as in hymn. 



8 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Note— The preceding sounds of the vowels are all represented by 
figures in the following work: but they have some irregular sounds, 
which are not defined by figures ; the words which contain them are 
classed together in the 66th section, and their pronunciation accurate- 
ly pointed out. 

The Diphthongs, 

A diphthong is the union of two vowels uttered by one impulse 
of the voice. 

A proper diphthong is that in which both the vowels are sound- 
ed. They are oi, oy, on, and ow ; as in oil, boy, ounce, cow. 

An improper diphthong has but one of the vowels sounded ; as 
oa in boat, ea in beat. They are ai, ae, ao, au, aw, ay, ea, ee, 
ei, eo, eu, ew, ey, ia, ie, io, oa, oe, oo, ua, ue, ui, uy.* 

A triphthong is the union of three vowels ; as in lieu. 

Sounds of the Consonants. 

B has but one sound, as in bale. 

C has four sounds : a hard sound like k, at the end of syl- 
lables, and before a, o, u, I, r, and t ; as in card, cord, curd, 
clog, crop, tract ; a soft sound like s, before e, i, and y, as in cell, 
cite, cymbal ; the sound of sh, as in ocean, social ; and the sound 
of z, as in suffice, discern. 

D has one sound as in dime.f 

F has one sound, as in life ; except in of, in which it has the 
sound of v. 

G has two sounds : a hard sound at the end of words, and 
before a, o, u, I, and r ; as in gag, gone, gull, glut, grand : a 
soft sound like j before e, i, and y ; as in gem, gibe, gyre. 
There are exceptions to this last sound, which are denned in 
the following work ; that is, where g is hard before e, i, andy. 

H has but one sound, as in hat. 

I, when a consonant, has the same sound that y would have 
in the same situation : thus filial is pronounced flyal. 

J has one sound, as in joke ; except in the word hallelujah, 
pronounced halleluya. 



* In the following work, when the improper diphthongs are used, the 
vowels which have no sound are printed in Italic characters ; but 
those which are sounded are printed in Roman characters. 

t When the verbal termination ed is not preceded by d or t, the e 
is generally silent, and the d is added to the foregoing syllable; or the 
sound of d changed into I, which is added to the foregoing syllable : thus, 
loved, named, cracked, mixed, are pronounced lovd, namd, cralct, mixt, 
&c. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 9 



K has but one sound, as in kite, 

L has but one sound, as in line. 

M has one uniform sound, as in man ; except in comptroller, 
pronounced kontrolur. 

N has two sounds : its proper sound as in net ; and the 
sound of ng, as in thank, pronounced thangk. 

P has a uniform sound, as in part ; except in cupboard, pro- 
nounced kubburd. 

Q has always the sound of k, and is followed by u, which 
has the sound of w ; as in quill. 

R has one sound, as in rice. 

2 

Re at the end of words, has the short sound of ur ; thus, 

2 

Ji-bre is pronounced ji-bur, &c. 

S has four sounds : its proper sound, as in sin, silver ; the 
sound of z, as in has, was ; the sound of sh, as in mansion, cen- 
sure ; and the sound of zh, as in fusion, rasure. 

T has three sounds : its proper sound, as in tin, turn ; the 
sound of sh, as in nation, action ; and the sound of ch or tsh, as 
in bas-tion, pronounced bas-tshun. 

U, when a consonant, has the sound that w would have in the 
same situation ; thus queen is pronounced kween. 

V has one uniform sound, as in vine. 

W, when a consonant, has but one sound, as in wine. 

X has three sounds : its proper sound like ks, as in wax ; a 
flat sound like gz, as in exist, pronounced egzist ; and the sound 
of z at the beginning of words, as in Xenophon. 

Y, when a consonant, has but one sound, as in youth. 

Z has two sounds : its proper sound, as in zeal ; and the 
sound of zh, as in glazier pronounced glazhur. 

Ch has three sounds : its proper sound, as in chip ; the sound 
of k, as in chord ; and the sound of sh, as in chaise. 

Sh has but one sound, as in shine. 

Ng has a sharp ringing sound, as in bring ; but when fol- 
lowed by e, the g takes the sound of j, as in strange. 

Th has two sounds : the one sharp, as in think, thin ; the 
other flat, as in these, them. 

Gh sounds like jT, as in rough ; unless otherwise defined. 

Ph sounds like f, as in phrase ; unless otherwise defined. 

Aw and au, when printed in Roman characters, have the 
sound of broad a long ; as in law, haul. 

Ew has the sound of u long, as in hew, mew. 



10 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Of Words, Accent, Emphasis, and Cadence. 

A letter is the first element, or least part of a word. 

A syllable is a letter, or union of letters, which can be pro- 
nounced by one impulse of the voice. 

Words are articulate sounds, used by common consent, as 
signs of our ideas. 

A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable, 

A word of two syllables is called a dissyllable. 

A word of three syllables is called a trisyllable. 

A word of four or more syllables is called a polysyllable. 

Words are primitive, derivative, or compound. 

A primitive word is that which cannot be reduced to any 
simpler word in the language ; as love, care. 

A derivative word is formed of the primitive, and some dif- 
ferent termination, or an additional syllable or syllables ; as 
love-ly, cares, care-ful, care-ful-ness. 

A compound word is sometimes formed of two primitive 
words, as hat-band, ink-stand ; and sometimes of a primitive 
and derivative ; as whipping -post, singing-master. 

Spelling is the art of expressing words by their proper letters. 

Accent is a forcible stress of the voice on a letter or sylla- 
ble, in order to distinguish it from other letters or syllables in 
the same word : as in ob'-ject, a-ban'-don. 

Emphasis is a particular force of the voice, by which we 
distinguish the most important word or words in a sentence. 

Cadence is a depression of the voice in reading or speaking, 
and generally takes place at the close of a sentence. 

Rules to be observed in using the following 
work. 

The silent letters, except s, are printed in Italic characters. 

S, when printed in Italic, has the sound of z, as in rose. 

The syllables Hon, and sion, are pronounced like shun. 

When e terminates a syllable preceded by a consonant, 
where the preceding vowel sound in the same syllable is long, 
it is printed in a Roman character ; in other terminations it is 
printed in Italic. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 11 



In the spelling sections of the following work, the letters. 
have their proper sounds, unless otherwise defined. G has its 
hard sound at the end of words, and before a, o, u, I, and r, 
and its soft sound before e, i, and y ; c has the sound of k be- 
fore a, o, u, I, r, and t, and the sound of s before e, i, and y ; 
and ch has its proper sound ; unless otherwise defined. Ee, 
oo, 11, ff, ss, gg, ck, &c. are all printed in Roman characters, 
although one letter would be sufficient to express the sound. 

A TABLE, 

Representing the different sounds of the simple and diphthongal 
vowels referred to by the figures in the following work. 

Figure 1 represents 

I 1 1 

the long sound of a, as in blame, pave'-ment ; 

II 11 
the long sound of e or ee, as in mere, meet ; 

I 1 1 

the long sound of i, as in mine, prime ; 

II 11 
the long sound of o or oo, as in dote, door ; 

11 11 

the long sound of u or ew, as in in mute, mewl ; 

1 1 1 

the long sound of y, as in type, ty'-rant. 

Figure 2 represents 

2 2 2 

the short sound of a, as in mat, mar'-ry ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of e, as in bet, bet'-ter ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of i, as in pin, pim'-ple ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of u, as in drum, rum'-ble ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of y, as in hymn, sys'-tem. 

Figure 3 represents 
3 3 3 

the long sound of broad a, as in wall, wa'-ter ; 

3 3 3 

the long sound of broad a, made by au oiaw, as in caul, law ; 

3 3 3 

the long sound of broad a made by o, as in corn, morn. 



12 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 

Figure 4 represents 
4 4 4 4 

the flat sound of a, as in harm, farm, mar'-ket. 

Figure 5 represents 

5 5 
the short sound of broad «, as in wad, wal'-let ; 

5 5 
the short sound of broad o, as in not, mod'-ern. 

Figure 6 represents 
6 6 

the sound of oo proper, as in noon, gloom'-y ; 

6 
the sound of oo proper made by o, as in prove. 

Figure 7 represents 
7 7 

the sound of oo short, as in good, wool'-ly ; 

7 7 
the sound of oo short made by o, as in wolf, cowZd ; 

7 7 
the sound of oo short made by u, as in full, pull. 

Figure 8 represents 

8 
the sound of u short made by e, as in her ; 

8 8 
the sound of u short made by i, as in bird, dirt ; 

8 8 

the sound of u short made by o or oo, as in love, flood. 

Figure 9 represents 

9 9 
the sound of a long made by e, as in tete, rem. 

Figure 10 represents 

10 10 
the sound of e long made by i, as in shire, pique. 

The diphthongs oi and oy, represent 

3 2 1 oi oy 

the long broad o, and the short i or long e, as in boil, cloy 

The diphthongs ou and ozo, represent 

3 7 ou ow 

the long broad o, and the short oo, as in pound, brow. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



13 



Questions for exercise in the sounds of the letters. 



e in there ? 
i in mine ? 
i in limp ? 
i in bird ? 
i in shire ? 
o in mope ? 
o in morn ? 
o in bond ? 
o in prove ? 
o in loolf? 
o in come ? 



Q. What sound has a in name ? 
Q. What sound has a in man ? 
Q. What sound has a in hall ? 
Q. What sound has a in farm ? 
Q. What sound has a in wad ? 
Q. What sound has e in mere ? 
Q. What sound has e in hemp ? 
Q. What sound has e in her ? 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q- What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has 
Q. What sound has u in cw£e ? 
Q. What sound has u in dnww ? 
Q. What sound has u in pull ? 
Q. What sound has y in sft/Ze ? 
Q. What sound has ?/ in hymn ? 

Q. What sound has c in casft/ 
Q. What sound has c in cite ? 
Q. What sound has g in ^me ? 
Q. What sound has g in gem ? 
Q. What sound has n in can-ker ? 
Q. What sound has s in smg ? 
Q. What sound has 5 in was ? 
Q. What sound has x in zmz ? 
Q. What sound has x in ex-act? 
Q. What sound has eft in c7iip ? 
Q. What sound has ch in c/taise ? 
Q. What sound has ph in phrase ? 
Q. What sound has gh in towo-ft ? 



A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 



A long sound. 
A short sound. 
A long broad sound. 
A flat sound. 



A short broad sound. 

A long sound. 

A short sound. 
A. The sound of u short. 
A. The sound of a long. 
A. A long sound. 
A. A short sound. 
A. The sound of u short. 
A. The sound of e long. 
A, A long sound. 
A. The long sound of broad a 
A. A short broad sound. 
A. The sound of oo proper. 
A. The sound of oo short. 
A. The sound of u short. 
A. A long sound. 
A. A short sound. 
A. The sound of oo short. 
A. A long sound. 
A. A short sound. 

-4. The sound of Tc. 

A. The sound of*. 

A. Its hard sound. 

A. A soft sound like/. 

-4. The sound of ng. 

A. Its proper sound. 

A. The sound of z. 

A. Its proper sound ; like&s. 

A, The sound of gz. 

A. Its proper sound. 

.4. The sound of sh. 

A. The sound of/. 

-4. The sound of f. 



Note. — By exercising the learner in the foregoing, and similar ques- 
tions, he will soon become acquainted with the various sounds of the 
letter s, which is of the utmost importance. 



14 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



1 



The Alphabet rendered familiar by Pictures. 

The study of the Alphabet is generally uninteresting to children; but by as- 
sociating the letters with pictures, the mind becomes strengthened, and the 
learner pleased. It is believed that children will commit the alphabet to mem- 
ory in this manner, in less than half the time occupied in the usual way. 




THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



15 



THE ALPHABET. 

Those who prefer the common method of teaching the Alphabet, as arrang- 
ed on this page, can pursue it : those who prefer teaching it by the assistance 
of pictures, can use the preceding page ; and those who wish a classification, 
can make use of the following page. To change frequently from one page to 
another, will prove highly advantageous to the learner, 



Roman Letters. 



Italic. 



A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

O 

P 

Q 

R 

S 

T 

U 

V 

W 

X 

Y 

Z z 



A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N. 

O 

P 

Q 

R 

S 
T 

U 
V 

w 

X 
Y 
Z 



a 
b 
c 
d 

e 

f 

g 
h 



m 

n 

o 

P 

9 
r 

s 

t 



Antique. 

£L a 



B 
G 
D 
E 

P 

a 

H 

I 

J 

K 

L 

m 

N 

© 



R 



T 

u fj 

v V 

to W 

X 

y ¥ 

Z 

Double Letters. 

fi, ff, fl, ffi, ffl. 

This is a character standing for the word and, 



b 
c 
d 
e 
£ 

S 
h 

■ 

1 

■ 

k 
1 

in 
n 

o 

P 

q 

s 
t 
u 

V 

w 

y 
z 



Names. 
W 

be 

se 

de 

e 

ef 

J e 

aytch 

i 

ja 

ka 

el 

em 

en 

o 

pe 

ku 

ar 

es 

te 

u 

ve 

double u 

eks 

wi 

ze 

and 



16 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION I. 

Classification of the Alphabet. 

LESSON I. LESSON V. 


a 


e I o u 


ka la ma na pa 


a 


e i o ii 


ke le me tie pe 


a 


e i o n 


ki li mi ni pi 


a 


e 1 o it 


ko lo 1110 110 po 


a 
b 


e i o it 

LESSON II. 

d f b j 


ku in 11111 nit pii 

LESSON VI. 

p s t w z 


\ b 


d f h J 


P S t T Z 


b 


d f b j 


P S t Y Z 


b d f b j 

LESSON III. 

toa da fa ba ja 


P S t V z 

LESSON VII. 

; 

pa $a ta va za 


be de f e be je 


pe se te ve ze 


bi 


di fl bi ji 


pi si ti vi zi 


bo do f o bo Jo 


TO ISO to YO ZO 


bu du f u bn jn 

LESSON IV. 


pit $11 tn vu ze 

LESSON VIII. 


k 


1 in n p 


c g a w x y 


k 


1 m n p 


c §? a w x y 


k 


1 114 ii li 


c g q w x y 


k 


1 111 n p 


c g a w x y 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 17 


LESSON IX. 




LESSON XIII. 


ab ad ak 


al 


cla bra pra 


eb ed ek 


el 


cle bre pre 


ib id ik 


il 


cli bri pri 


oi> od ok 


ol 


elo bro pro 


nb ud uk 


ill 


cln brn prii 


LESSON X. 




LESSON XIV. 


am an ap 


ar 


fra tra gra 


em en ep 


er 


fre tre gre 


im in ip 


ir 


fri tri gri 


om on op 


or 


fro tro gro 


urn nn up 


nr 


Irn tru grn 


LESSON XI. 




LESSON XV. 


at ag av 


az 


dra $ta spa 


et eg e¥ 


ez 


dre ste spe 


it ig iv 


iz 


dri sti spi 


ot Og OY 


oz 


dro sto spo 


lit rag uv 


nz 


dm stu spra 


LESSON XII. 




LESSON XVI. 


bia pla 


sla 


spla spra stra 


ble pie 


sle 


sple spre stre 


Mi pli 


isli 


spli spri stri 


bio plo 


slo 


splo spro stro 


bin pin 


sin 


spin spru strn 



2* 



18 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION II. 

Easy words of three letters. 
In order to make study interesting to children from the beginning, 
and bring every thing within their comprehension ; pictures, repre- 
senting objects with which they are familiar, are inserted at the begin- 
ning of several sections, to assist the little learner in pronouncing 
words. After calling the letters, by a single glance of the eye he sees 
the picture, and being assisted at the same time both by sight and sound, 
he is enabled to pronounce the word without the least difficulty. In 
this manner he becomes pleased with the exercise, and considers it as 
an amusement, rather than a task. 

LESSON I. 





Fly 



2 

Bat 



Bug 











Cap i 




Hat 





j m 

Sun ^ 








Gun 






THE 


PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


19 


NOTE.- 


-After elucidating the 


pronunciation of words by pictures, 


at the beginning of each section, 


the pupil will find but little difficulty 


in pronouncing those which follow, as they 


are equally 


simple and 


easy. 










I 






LESSON II. 






2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


map 


bad 


rag 


fig 


bit 


bid 


tap 


had 


sag 


dig 


hit 


did 


nap 


sad 


hag 


rig 


fit 


hid 


sap 


mad 


cag 


wig 


sit 


lid 


hap 


pad 


fag 


jig 


wit 


rid 






LESSON III. 






2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


ban 


let 


den 


tin 


dip 


tug 


can 


net 


men 


sin 


tip 


dug 


pan 


met 


pen 


pin 


up 


hug 


ran 


pet 


fen 


fun 


rip 


lug 


tan 


set 


hen 


fin 


hip 


pug 


van 


wet 


wen 


din 


nip 


rug 






LESSON IV. 






5 


5 


5 


5 


2 


2 


mop 


dot 


fob 


bog 


fat 


dun 


sop 


cot 


job 


dog 


rat 


pun 


lop 


hot 


rob 


fog 


mat 


run 


hop 


lot 


lob 


log 


sat 


fun 


fop 


rot 


mob 


cog 


pat 


nun 


pop 


sot 


cob 


j°g 


vat 


tun 






LESSON V. 






2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


bud 


gum 


hut 


tag 


mix 


beg 


cud 


rum 


cut 


wag 


fix 


hem 


mud 


hum 


rut 


nag 


six 


kid 


rib 


dim 


but 


cup 


lax 


web 


nib 


rim 


jut 


rub 


tax 


and 


j>ib_ 


him 


nut 


cub 


wax 


end 



20 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION III. 

Easy words of four letters. 

Note. — Pictures are used in the spelling sections, not only to assist children 
iu pronouncing words, bat to give them some definite idea of their meaning : 
and as a continued exercise in spelling often becomes tiresome, the teacher 
should exercise his pupils occasionally in answering questions, which will be 
both profitable and amusing. For example — What does the first picture on 
this page represent ? A colt. What is a colt 1 A young horse. How many 
legs has he? Four. How many ears has he 1 Two. What is a colt called 
when full grown? A horse. The questions should be familiar, and adapted 
to the capacity of the learner. 

LESSON I. 



Colt 



«£ 



Frog 




Mule 





Wasp 




Cage 




Cask 






Face 




2 

Hand 





Flag 







2 1/M 



Ship 



Pump s£ 






THE 


PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


«| 






LESSON II 






The words 


in each section are arranged, under the different 




figures, in alphabetical order. 




1 


1 


1 


l 


i 


Bake 


hold 


mire 


puke 


tube 


cake 


home mode 


rake 


wife 


case 


host 


mope 


rate 


wire 


cave 


June 


most 


ride 


2 


code 


lake 


pace 


ripe 


bran 


cube 


late 


pate 


robe 


bung 


dose 


life 


pave 


rove 


cash 


duke 


like 


pike 


safe 


chin 


fort 


lime 


pipe 


sage 


chip 


game 


lure 


pork 


sake 


chit 


hind 


lute 


past 


tore 


crag 






LESSON III. 

Here is a dog, a cat, 


and a rat. 


||ijii|i«j||||!j|j 1(| 




ijppipi 




The dog bit the cat ; 








The cat bit the rat ; 






sill 


The rat eat the corn 

LESSON IV. 


• 






2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


Cram 


fish 


grum 


husk 


plug 


crib 


fist 


gush 


king 


rend 


curb 


flat 


gust 


lash 


rich 


dash 


flax 


hang 


left 


rush 


ding 


fled 


hack 


limp 


rust 


dint 


flip 


hast 


lint 


skin 


dish 


fret 


held 


lisp 


shun 


disk 


fund 


hemp 


list 


silk 


drip 


gash 


hint 


lurk 


sing 


drug 


glib 


hunt 


milk 


sled 


dusk 


grin 


hurl 


must 


spin 
split 


fact 


grit 


hurt 


plan 



22 


THE 


PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


1 






SECTION IV. 




Easy words of one syllable, in which there are no 
silent letters. 






LESSON I. 






l 
Blade 


child 


1 

dare 


i 
fade 


l 
gale 


blame 


chime date 


fame 


gave 


blind 


chine 


dike 


fate 


glade 


bold 


clave 


dine 


fife 


glaze 


bone 


cone 


dire 


fine 


gold 


brace 


cope 


dolt 


find 


grace 


brave 


cove 


dote 


flake 


grape 


bribe 


crane 


drake 


flare 


grave 


bride 


crape drone 


flute 


graze 


chase 


dace 


drove 


frame 


grind 








LESSON II. 

Here is my top ; 






/Mb 


1111 




. 


ilhllllilllloPi'ul 


Here is my 


kite; 








And here is 


my ball. 






m 




Now let us 

LESSON III 


go and play. 








1 
Grope 
grove 


1 

lace 
lure 


1 

pine 
plume 


l 
rage 
rare 


l 
shine 
slate 


haste 


mace 


pope 


M rive 


slice 


hate 
haze 


make 
mate 


porch 
pore 


rope 
same 


slope 
smile 


hone 


mice 


pride 


sane 


smote 


hope 
huge 
jole 
jolt 


mute 
nice 
note 
page 


prime 
prize 
probe 
prone 


shade 
shame 
share 
shave 


snake 
snare 
snipe 
sold 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


l 

23 






LESSON IV 






1 


1 


1 


2 


2 


Space 


state 


tone 


blend 


crash 


spade 


stave 


trace 


blush 


crest 


spare 


stone 


trite 


brad 


crimp 


spice 


store 


twice 


brand 


crisp 


spike 


stove 


twine 


brim 


crush 


spine 


swore 


type 


brisk 


crust 


spire 


take 


vote 


champ 


damp 


spite 


tame 


wake 


chest 


dram " 


splice 


tape 


wild 


clash 


drift 


spoke 


taste 


wile 


cleft 


drub 


sport 


tide 


wine 


cling 


flash 


stage 


told 


zone 

LESSON V. 


club 


flesh 




1 




The ape has got a hat. 




! ^2& / 


dwfciffil 


It is not Luke's hat 


» 




,m\u 


IIB 


Is it Dick' 
Oh, no, it 

LESSON VI. 


shat? 
is my hat 


. 










2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


Flush 


musk 


sham 


stab 


swift 


fresh 


nest 


shed 


stamp 


swing 


glad 


next 


skip 


stand 


tend 


gland 


pang 


slab 


stem 


tent 


grand 


plant 


slim 


step 


text 


grim 


print 


slut 


sting 


trap 


grist 


rash 


smut 


strap 


trust 


land 


rusk 


snag 


strip 


vest 


lump 


sand 


span 


strut 


west 


mend 


sect 


spend 


stun 


wing 


mint 


self 


spur 


stunt 


wish 


much 


send 


spurn 


surf 


zest 



24 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION V. 

Easy words of two syllables, accented on the first. 

Note. — Figures are placed over the vowels of the accented syllables, 
which show their true sound, as explained in the key to this work ; and one 
figure denotes the sound of the vowels in the accented syllables which are 
placed under it, or which follow in that column, until another figure occurs. 

LESSON I. 




K8WI///JIIiniifntnt>^^ 

Rob' in I Grind' stone [ Pis' tol Wag' on 









THE ] 


3 ICTORIAL I 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


25 




LESSON II. 




1 


1 


1 


1 


Baby 


cri sis 


fu ry 


na vy 


ba sis 


de cent 


gi ant 


pa per 


bi as 


de mon 


gravy 


pi lot 


bo ny 


di er 


ha ter 


po em 


bri er* 


di et 


he ro 


po et 


ca per 


fe ver 


hu man 


pony 


ci der 


fe male 


J ur y 


puny 


cli ent 


fi nal 


lady 


ri der 


clo ver 


flu ent 


lazy 


ri ot 


era zy 


fluid 


le gal 


ri val 


cri er 


fra mer 


libel 


ro ver 








LESSON 


in. 

» Frank : hear him read. 




r-i 




I JUT 


s 


Here is 




~tsS£ 


--^ 


Jj|n 




His book is on the stand. 




SPT flfPi 




He has 


i a pen in his hand. 






He wears a small black hat ; 




33^^^kJle£i5 




And a 


pair of new 

IV. 


shoes. 








LESSON 


1 


1 


2 


2 


sha dy 


ya ry 


after 


car ry 


smo ker 


vi brate 


al um 


civ il 


so ber 


vi per 


at las 


cit y 


spi cy 


vi tal 


ban ish 


dif fer 


spi der 


vo cal 


bit ter 


din ner 


ti dy 


wa fer 


buf fet 


diz zy 


tory 


wa ger 


but ter 


dus ty 


tra der 


2 


cab in 


el der 


tri al 


ab sent 


can did 


en vy 


tu tor 


at om 


can dy 


fan cy 


va cant 


ac tor 


car rot 


gal Ion 


* In unaccented sy 


llables, the vowels are frequently sounded like 


u short : as in bri' er, 


ri' ot, gal' Ion 


pronounced bri' 


ur, ri' ut, gal'- j 


lun, &c. 

— _ — _ ^__ ___ _ __ _ 






I 












J> 







26 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



2 

lad der 
lat ter 
lem on 
let ter 
lim ber 
lim it 
liv ing 
lum ber 
mad am 
mat ter 
max im 



2 

mel on 
mem ber 
mer it 
mer ry 
mur der 
nev er 
num ber 
pen man 
pep per 

pity 

print er 



LESSON V. 
2 



prim er 
rap id 
ren der 
riv er 
sat in 
sig nal 
sin ful 
sin ner 
sis ter 
slum ber 
spir it 



2 

suf fer 
sum mer 
sum mit 
sup per 
tern per 
ten ant 
ut ter 
ut most 
vie tim 
vie tor 
win ter 



LESSON VI. 




Frank has a fine dog. 
See him run and play. 
His dog's name is spot. 
He barks, but will not bite. 



SECTION VI. 
Easy words of two syllables, accented on the second. 

LESSON I. 



A base 


as sume 


con sume 


de rive 


a bate 


at tire 


con trive 


de vice 


a bode 


be fore 


de base 


de vote 


ad mire 


be hind 


de bate 


di late 


a dore 


be hold 


de cline 


dis pute 


ad vice 


com pare 


de fine 


di vide 


a like 


com pile 


de note 


di vine 


a live 


con dole 


de plore 


en dure 


a lone 


con spire 


de ride 


en gage 



r 


THE PICTORIAL J 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


27 




LESSON II. 




i 


1 


1 


1 


im pute 


pro fuse 


re port 


un like 


in cite 


pro mote 


re vile 


un safe 


in cline 


pro voke 


re vive 


un told 


in duce 


re cline 


re voke 


up hold 


J in flame 


re duce 


sa lute 


2 


in sane 


re gale 


se cure 


ab rupt 


in spire 


re late 


se date 


ab surd 


in vade 


re mind 


sub lime 


a dapt 


in voke 


re mote 


sup ply 


ad just 


mis take 


re pine 


sup port 


af flict 


pre pare 


re place 


un bind 


al lot 


pro fane 


re 


EESSOJy 


jgp. fold an nul 
in. 

is time to get up. 


1 i 3 ^*^ 


JMk\ 


Jane, it 




|w| 


Here is some corn 


and oats : 


111111 




You must go and feed the hens. 
. Do you see that chick on the 




Sfej 


old I 


len's back ? 

f IV. 








LESSOT 


2 


2 


2 


2 


as sist 


de test 


im print 


re lax 


at tend 


di gest 


in cur 


re mit 


at tract 


di rect 


in feet 


ro bust 


be gun 


dis til 


in fest 


sub sist 


be held 


e mit 


in vent 


sus pend 


be reft 


en act 


in vest 


un bent 


con sent 


en camp 


oc cur 


un curl 


con sist 


en rich 


pre vent 


un fit 


con suit 


e vent 


pro test 


un furl 


de feet 


ex pend 


re cant 


un hurt 


de pend 


fo ment 


re fleet 


un just 


de tect 


im pel 


re fresh 


un man 



28 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION VII. 

Easy words of three syllables, accented on the first. 




But' ter fly 




An' te lope 




BuP fa lo 




Croc' o dile 




El' e phant 





Pec' ca ry 




Por' cu pine 




m 

King' rish er 




Can' is ter 




Can' die stick 





CoP fee mi 




Cof fee pot 




Fry' ing pan 




Gal' li pot 




Musk' mel on 




Pel' i can Cur' ry comi Par' a sol Kef tie drum 



Pine' ap 



Pep' per box 



£= 



Pyr' a mid 



Shoe' ham mer 



Spec' ta c\es 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



29 



De cen cy 

de i ty 
di a dem 
di a lect 
fu ner al 
glo ri fy 
li bra ry 
no ti fy 
o pi urn 
pa tri ot 
pe ri od 
pi e ty 



can o py 
cap i tal 
cap ti vate 
cav al ry 
eel e brate 
cin na mon 
clem en cy 
cul ti vate 
cur ren cy 
cus torn er 
dec o rate 



LESSON II, 
1 

pi ra cy 
po e try 
pre mi um 
pri ma ry 
pri va cy 
pu ri fy 
pu ri ty 
se ere cy 
su i cide 
va can cy 
vi o late 
vi o lent 



ac ci dent 
ad vo cate 
am pu tate 
an i mal 
an nu al 
ap pe tite 
ar ro gant 
at ti tude 
cal cu late 
cal i co 
can di date 
can ni bal 




LESSON III. 

Here is a poor old man. 
He has but one leg. 
He has no hat on his head. 
The man he met is kind. 
He lives in a large house. 
He will give him some food. 

LESSON IV. 

2 2 

del e gate 
dep u ty 
des o late 
des ti tute 



dif fi cult 
dig ni ty 
el e gant 
el e ment 
em i grate 
em u late 
en mi ty 



fac ul ty 
fam i ly 
gen er al 
grat i tude 
im i tate 
im pu dent 
in di cate 
in di gent 
in dus try 
in fan cy 
in fan try 



30 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



LESSON V. 

2 

neg li gent 
pen e trate 
pen i tent 
reg u lar 
reg u late 
sat is fy 
sen a tor 
sen ti ment 
stim u late 

LESSON VI. 

Here is James ; he is a good 
boy. His aunt gave him a 
new book. 

He reads his book with care ; 
and can spell all the hard 
words in it. 

He loves to read, and write too. He means 
to be a wise man. 



in ter est 
in ti mate 
jus ti fy 
lat i tude 
lib er ty 
mer ri ment 
min er al 
min is try 
mul ti tude 



suf fo cate 
sup pli cate 
sur ro gate 
ten e ment 
tes ta ment 
trin i ty 
van i ty 
ver i fy 
vin e gar 




SECTION VIII. 

Easy words of three syllables, accented on the second, 

LESSON I. 

1 1 2 

A bate ment il le gal a ban don 

al lure ment in duce ment ac cus torn 

a maze ment oc to ber a mend ment 

ar ri val po ma turn ap par el 

a tone ment re vi val ap pen dix 

com pi ler spec ta tor as ses sor 

tes ta tor as sis tant 

tes ta trix be wil der 

tri bu nal col lee tor 

con tern plate 



con fine ment 
ere a tor 
de co rum 
en gra ver 



un grate ful 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



31 



de can ter 
de cem ber 
de crep it 
de liv er 
de vel op 
di min ish 
dis tem per 
em bel ish 
en cum ber 
en ven om 



LESSON II. 

2 

fore tel ler 
in clem ent 
in cul cate 
in cum bent 
in hab it 
in her it 
in sip id 
in tes tate 
ma lig nant 
no vem ber 



pa ren tal 
re dun dant 
re fresh ment 
re mem ber 
re plen ish 
sep tem ber 
sur ren der 
to bac co 
um brel la 
un civ il 




LESSON III. 

James, may I take your top ? 
Yes, Charles, and I will show 

you how to spin it. 
James has been so kind, I 

will lend him my ball. 
Here, James, will you have 

my ball to play with. 



SECTION IX. 

Easy words of three syllables, accented on the third. 

LESSON I. 

1 

o ver prize 
o ver rate 
o ver take 
per se vere 
re as sume 
re u nite 
su per fine 
su per sede 
un der go 



l 
Dis com mode 
im ma ture 
in com plete 
in ter cede 
in ter line 
in tro duce 
lem on ade 
mis ap ply 
mis be have 



dis af feet 
dis an nul 
dis re spect 
in cor rect 
in di rect 
in ter rupt 
in ter sect 
o ver turn 
re ad mit 



32 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION X. 

Easy words of four syllables, accented on the first. 

LESSON I. 

2 2 

ad mi ral ty in ti ma cy 

ar ro gant ly in tri ca cy 

del i ca cy in tri cate ly 

dif fi cul ty lit er al ly 

em i nent ly lit er a ry 

ep i lep sy lit er a ture 

ev i dent ly mil i ta ry 

feb ru a ry min er al ist 

gen er al ly prin ci pal ly 

ig no rant ly sec re ta ry 

LESSON II. 

Here is Miss Jane — she has 
got a fine new doll. May I 
take your doll, Miss Jane ? 

O yes, my dear Ann, you 
may take it, and play with it. 

Jane is a good girl, to let Ann 
play with her new doll. 



Ju di ca ture 
lu mi na ry 
mo men ta ry 
nu mer al ly 
nu mer a ry 
nu mer a tor 
vi o la tor 

2 

ac cu ra cy 
ac cu rate ly 




SECTION XI. 

Easy words of four syllables, accented on the second, 

LESSON I. 
1 

cor po re al 
ere du li ty 
e lu ci date 
en co mi um 



im pu ri ty 
li bra ri an 



Ac cu mu late 
a e ri al 

al le vi ate e lu ci date ma tu ri ty 

an nu i ty en co mi um me mo ri al 

com mu ni cant fu tu ri ty pro pri e ty 

com mu ni cate his to ri an so bri e ty 

com mu ni ty im pi e ty so ci e ty 

con nu bi al im pu ni ty va ri e ty 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



33 



ar tic u late 
be nev o lent 
cap tiv i ty 
ce leb ri ty 
ci vil i ty 
con sid er ate 
con spir a cy 
de bil i ty 
de cliv i ty 
de prav i ty 
di am e ter 
di vin i ty 
e pis co pal 
e rad i cate 



e vac u ate 
ex trem i ty 
fa tal i ty 
fer til i ty 
fi del i ty 
for mal i ty 
fru gal i ty 
gen til i ty 
hos til i ty 
hu man i ty 
hu mil i ty 
i den ti ty 
il lit er ate 
im ped i ment 

LESSON II. 



in fin i ty 
in sari i ty 
in vig o rate 
ir reg u lar 
mag nif i cent 
me rid i an 
mo ral i ty 
mor tal i ty 
ne ces si ty 
om nip o tent 
par tic u lar 
po et i cal 
po lit i cal 
pos ter i ty 



Jane, you may get the pail, 
and go with me to milk the 
cow. 

The cow is in the pond ; 
how will you get to her ? will 
you have a boat ? 
O no, she sees us, and will come to meet us : 
what a good cow she is ! 




SECTION XII. 

Easy words of four syllables, accented on the third, 

1 2 2 

An te ce dent ben e fac tor in di rect ly 
ap pa ra tus det ri men tal in stru men tal 
dis in her it mal e fac tor 
dis re spect ful memorandum 
fun da men tal mon u men tal 
in de pen dent or na men tal 



corn men ta tor 
me di a tor 
mod er a tor 
sem i co Ion 



34 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION XIV. 

Easy lessons of one syllable^ with pictures.* 

The Sun, 

Come here, Charles, and 
look at the sun. It is in the 
west. In a short time it will 
set. We can look at the 
sun now, for it is not so 
bright as it was at noon. 
See how fine the clouds are ! The sun goes 
down quite fast. Now we can see but half of 
it. The hills hide it from our view. 

The Moon, 

Now turn your face to the 
east. What is it that shines 
so bright ? It is the moon. 
It is round and large. We 
can look at the moon, for it is 
not so bright as to hurt our 
eyes. 

The moon shines to give us light in the night, 
when the sun is out of sight. 

The Stars, 

Now let us view the stars. 
Those stars are large worlds: 
but they are so far off that 
they look quite small. We 
must not stay out long in the 
damp air; if we do, we shall 
take cold, and be sick. 





* Pictures are inseried in many of the reading lessons, which ren- 
der them not only instructive, but interesting and amusing to children. 
They facilitate the acquisition of -correct ideas, by addressing in- 
struction to the eye, as well as the ear. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



35 




School Boys. 

Here are two good boys. 

They are at school. They 

can read, and spell, and 

write : but this is not all ; 

when they are at home, they 

mind all that is said to them, 

and do as they are bid. 

They like to go to school, and learn, that 

when they grow to be men, they may be wise 

and good. 

School Girls. 

Do you see these two fine 
girls? They can read, and 
spell, and sew. When they 
see folks that are poor, or 
old, or lame, they do not 
laugh at them, nor mock 

them ; but they are kind, and glad when they 

can help them, or do them good. 




SECTION XV. 

Words of one syllable. 

The preceding spelling sections are composed of easy and familiar 
words, in which the vowels have their long or short sound ; but in 
this, and the following sections, the words are of more difficult or- 
thography and pronunciation, including those which contain silent 
letters. 

LESSON I. 

Ill 1 

Babe beast boat chair 

bait beef brain cheap 

baize bleach brief cheek 

bead bleed bright cheese 

beam blow brine claim 



36 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


! 


1 


1 


l 


l 


1 


clean 


g^ost 


own 


slain 


swain 


cloak 


gleam 


paint 


sleep 


swale 


coach 


glow 


pay 


sleeve 


sweet 


com6 


goat 


pea 


smear 


tea 


cream 


gowrd 


peach 


snail 


teach 


crow 


grain 


play 


sneak 


tease 


day 


green 


plea 


sneer 


ti^M 


deem 


grow 


plead 


sneeze 


toad 


deep 


heat 


preach 


snore 


toast 


door 


hoarse 


priest 


snow 


train 


drake 


juice 


prose 


soap 


trait 


dream 


keep 


quite 


source 


treat 


each 


&nee 


reach 


speak 


tree 


ear 


&nife 


ream 


spear 


trace 


east 


lay 


reap 


speech 


vagwe 


eat 


leagwe 


rear 


speed 


veal 


feast 


lean 


roam 


spleen 


vogwe 


feed 


least 


roar 


sport 


weave 


feel 


lig^t 


roast 


spray 


w r eed 


field 


loaf 


rogwe 


square 


weep 


fiend 


may 


saint 


squeal 


wise 


fight 


meal 


screak 


stain 


year 


flail 


meek 


screen 


stays 


zeal 


fleece 


nail 


scroll 


steam 


2 


flight 


near 


seat 


steed 


back 


floor 


neat 


seed 


steer 


bilge 


flow 


niece 


sheaf 


strain 


black 


frail 


ni^A 


sheep 


strange 


bless 


free 


oak 


shield 


stray 


bliss 


fri^M 


oats 


show 


stream 


brick 


gain 


ode 


shrine 


street 


buck 


gawge 


old 


siege 


stroll 


bwild 
4 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


37 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


bulge 


helve 


pence 


sill 


swerve 


buzz 


hence 


perch 


singe 


switch 


chess 


Aerb 


phlegm 


sketch 


tack 


church 


hill 


pi/ch 


skiff 


teint 


crack 


hinge 


plaid 


slack 


tell 


cringe 


hiss 


plump 


sling 


tempt 


curse 


hull 


prince 


snatch 


tense 


curve 


kick 


prism 


snuff 


term 


dead 


kiss 


puff 


spasm 


tick 


deot 


lack 


pulse 


speck 


tinge 


deck 


lapse 


purr 


spell 


touch 


dense 


lafch 


purse 


spill 


tough 


duck 


learn 


quack 


spread 


tread 


dumo 


less 


quick 


spring 


truss 


dunce 


luck 


quill 


squint 


tuft 


dwell 


lull 


quince 


stack 


twin 


earn 


lungs 


realm 


stag 


twinge 


egg 


matah 


rick 


stead 


urge 


elm 


mess 


rill 


stern 


vent 


fell 


midst 


rinse 


stick 


verb 


fence 


mill 


schism. 


stiff 


verse 


flash 


miss 


scourge 


stilts 


well 


flint 


muff' 


scratch 


sti/ch 


wick 


friend 


neck 


sculk 


stress 


will 


fringe 


nerve 


scull 


stre/ch 


wren 


glimpse 


numo 


serve 


struck 


wrist 


gnash 


nurse 


shall 


stub 


writ 


gnat 


nymph 


shell 


stud 


yerk 


gness 


pack 


shrill 


stuff 


young 


hack 


pafch 


shrub 


such 


3 


ha/ch 


pearl 


sick 


suds 


bought 


■ have 


peck 


sieve 


sweat 


brawl 



38 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


brought 


short 


hark 


loll 


wand 


caught 


small 


harm 


long 


wash 


caw 


sought 


lard 


mock 


wafch 


cha/k 


squall 


lark 


mosqwe 


wrong 


claw 


sta/k 


lawgh 


nofch 


6 


corn 


stall 


mark 


plod 


bloom 


corpse 


stork 


parse 


plot 


boom 


dawn 


storm 


psa/m 


pomp 


boon 


dwarf 


straw 


scar 


pond 


boot 


fall 


tall 


shark 


prompt 


brood 


false 


taught 


sharp 


prong 


broom 


fault 


torch 


snarl 


prop 


cool 


fork 


vault 


spark 


rock 


coop 
doom 


foz^At 


war 


starch 


romp 


fraud 


warm 


starve 


shop 


droop 


gauze 


warn 


yard 


shot 


food 


^naw 


wrought 


5 


slop 


fool 


haw 


4 


block 


sock 


gloom 


hawk 


arms 


bloifch 


solve 


o 

goose 
groom 


horn 


bard 


bond 


song 


horse 


barge 


bo/ch 


spot 


groove 


law 


barn 


chop 


squab 


growp 


lord 


ca/f 


clock 


squash 


hoof 


morn 


carve 


crock 


squat 


hoot 


paw 


charge 


dock 


stock 


loon 


pawn 


charm 


doll 


strong 


loop 


quart 


dark 


drop 


swab 


loose 


salt 


dart 


flock 


swamp 


lose 


sauce 


farce 


flop 


swop 


mood 


saw 


farm 


fond 


tongs 


moon 


scald 


ba/f 


frock 


trot 


moor 


scorn 

IL 


hard 


from 


wan 


moose 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


39 




6 

noon 

pool 

poor 

proof 

prove 

rood 


6 

troop 

who 

whom 

whoop 

whose 

7 


8 

bird 

blood 

come 

dirt 

first 

flood 


oi 

choice 

coin 

join 

joint 

voice 

oy 


ou 

pound 
proud 
round 
trout 

ow 

brow 




roof 


bush 


glove 


cloy 


brown 




room 


cowld 


her 


j°y 


clown 




scoop 


foot 


love 


011 


cow 




shoot 


full 


word 


bound 


crowd 




sloop 


good 


world 


cloud 


crown 




soon 


goods 


worm 


count 


down 




sowp 


pull 


9 


dou&t 


drown 




spool 
spoon 
stool 


push 
puss 
should 


freight 
skem 

10 


ground 

house 

louse 


how 

mow 

now 




stoop 
tom& 


stood 
wool 


piqwe 
shire 


mouse 
ounce 


town 
vow 








LESSON II. 






Words 


in which th has its sharp sound ; as in thin. 




1 

Both 


2 
breadth 


2 

strength 


3 

north 


5 

throng 




faith 


breath 


theft 


swath 


6 




growth 


death 


thick 


thaw 


tooth 




oath 


depth 


thin 


thorn 


8 




sheath 
teeth 


earth 
filth 


thing 
thread 


thought 
thrall 


doth 
month 




theme 


hath 


threat 


thwart 


thirst 




thief 


health 


thum& 


warmth 


worth 




thrive 
throat 


length 
pith 


thump 
wealth 


5 

thong 


ou 

south 




throw 


smith 


width 


throb 


mouth 

1 





40 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Words in which th has its flat sound ; as in them. 



Breathe 

clothe 

lathe 

loathe 

seeth 



thy 
tithe 



2 

them 

then 

thence 

this 

thus 



6 

booth 

smooth 

sooth 



swathe 

these 

thine 2 

those than mis 

though that thus they 

LESSON III. 

In the remaining part of this section, and part of the spell- 
ing sections which follow, two or more words have the same, 
or a similar meaning ; (being part of the index of Crabb's 
Synonymes;) and are placed opposite each other in such a 
manner that the second column defines the first, and the first 
defines the second. Some words have more than one mean- 
ing ; in such cases the primary sense only, is given. [For 
equivocal words with different meanings, see page 165.] 

Teachers who are opposed to defining one word by another 
single word, can use these, the same as other lessons, for spell- 
ing only. 



Coast 

cold 

deed 

dough 

drive 

flame 

fold 

ford 

gaze 

globe 

grief 

grieve 

heal 

heap 

heed 

lade 

mam 



to 
a 
a 
to 
to 
a 

to 
to 
a 
to 
to 



] 

shore 
bleak 
feat 
paste 
force 
blaze 
plait 
wade 
stare 
sphere 
woe 
mowrn 
cure 
pile 
mind 
load 
chief 



1 




l 


moan 


to 


wail 


quote 


to 


cite 


race 


a 


tribe 


rise 


to 


soar 


row 


a 


tier 


scold 


to 


chide 


shake 


to 


quake 


shriek 


to 


screech 


sight 


a 


view 


slide 


to 


glide 


smoke 


- 


fume 


soak 


to 


steep 


wait 


to 


stay 


smite 


to 


strike 


streak 


a 


stripe 


sway 


to 


wield 


trade 


to 


deal 





THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


41 


1 




1 


1 




2 


yield 

1 


to 


cede 

2 


C rate 
I toll 


a 


tax 


aid 


to 


help 


rave 


to 


rant 


beak 
bite 


a 
to 


bill 
&nap 


right 
scream 


to 


just 

yell 

burn 


bloat 


to 


swell 


sear 


to 


boast 


to 


brag 


seek 


to 


search 


brake 


a 


fern 


seize 


to 


ca/ch 


breach 


a 


g a P 


shear 


to 


clip 
bulk 


change 


to 


turn 


size 




cheat 


to 


trick 


slay 
slow; 


to 


kill 


cleave 


to 


split 


. 


dull 


close 
close 


to 


shut 
snug 


squeeze 
steal 


to 
to 


press 
filch 


crime 


- 


guilt 


strike 


to 


rap 


dive 
dupe 


to 
to 


plunge 
gull 


sweep 
tease 


to 
to 


brush 
vex 


ease 


- 


rest 


torn 


was 


rent 


fear 


- 


dread 


veer 


to 


turn 


float 


to 


swim 


wage 


to 


bet 


gripe 
hide 


to 
a 


pinch 
skin 


wipe 
i 


to 


rub 

3 


horde 


a 


clan 


bile 


„ 


gall 


joke 


a 


jest 


boat 


a 


yawl 


leap 


to 


jump 


creep 


to 


crawl 


lease 


to 


rent 


lame 


« 


halt 


leave 


to 


quit 


name 


to 


call 


loan 


to 


lend 


need 


„ 


want 


mild 


- 


bland 


price 


- 


cost 


peace 


- 


rest 


shape 


a • 


form 


plague 


a 


pest 


speak 


to 


ta/k 


plight 


a 


pledge 


wide 


m 


broad 


poll 


the 


head 


l 




4 


prate 


to 


chat 


blight 


to 


blast 






4^ 









42 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



1 

crave 
great 
piece 
rind 

i 
cease 
queer 
sigh 

swine 
l 
cowrt 

faint 

l 
way 

2 

bad 

belt 
cleanse to 
curb to 

2 

dull 



to 



to 

to 
a 

to 
to 



a 



4 

ask 
large 
part 
bark 

5 

stop 
odd 
sob 
hog 

6 
WOO 

swoon 

on 

route 

2 
ill 

sash 

purge 

check 

2 

blunt 



2 

melt 

mince 

sell 

smell 

skill 

sup 

tusk 

twig 

verge 

big 

dress 

fling 

rough 

still 

2 

blur 
mist 
rap 
turf 



to 
to 
to 



to 
a 
a 
a 



a 

to 



a 
a 
to 
a 



2 

smelt 

hash 

vend 

sent 

&nack 

sip 

fang 

sprig 

brink 

4 

large 

garb 

cast 

harsh 

ca/m 

5 

blot 
fog 
&nock 
sod 



Questions upon the preceding section. 

Teachers should frequently exercise their pupils in answering 
questions upon the sounds of the letters, until they acquire a correct 
knowledge of the use of the table representing the different sounds of 
the vowels. 

What sound has o in corn ? 

What sound has a in calf? 

Which letter is silent 1 

What sound has a in wan ? 

What sound has o in move ? 



What sound has a in babe ? 
What sound has e in beam ! 
What letter is silent in beam ? 
What sound has i in wise ? 
What sound has s in wise ? 
Why do you sound it like z ? 
What sound has o in bloio ? 
Which letter is silent? 
What sound has a in back ? 
What sound has u in dunce ? 
What sound has c in dunce ? 
Which letter is silent? 
What sound has i m hill ? 
What sound has a mfalll 



What sound has oo in foot ? 
What sound has u in bush ? 
What sound has i in bird? 
What sound has o in come ? 
What sound has e in ihey ? 
What sound has i in shire ? ' 
What sound has gh in laugh? 
What sound has th in both ? 
What sound has th in these ? 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



43 




SECTION XVI. 
Easy reading lessons of one syllable. 

The Bear. 

Come here, Frank, and tell 
me what beast this is. It is 
a bear. Some bears are 
black ; but far to the north, 
where it is cold, they are 
white. They have large 

teeth, and sharp claws ; and are strong and fierce. 
Bears live in the woods, and in dens. They 

eat roots, nuts, corn and flesh. Some folks 

make use of their flesh for food. 

The Swan. 

We next come to the 

swan ; which is a large fowl 

of the goose kind. It has a 

long neck, short legs, and is 

as white as snow. Its food is 

the same as that of the goose. 

Swans make their nests of sticks and grass. 

Their eggs are white and large ; and they hatch 

them in two months. The young swans are gray. 

The Owl. 

Look here, Charles, see 
this owl ! He has a mouse 
in his bill. Owls eat mice, 
and small birds. They do 
^ not fly much by day, they see 
mmmSr* best m tne night. 
Owls are large birds, and live in the woods. 
They have large eyes, and a head like a cat. 





44 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Familiar Lessons in words of one syllable. 

Charles, where does the rain come from? 
Rain comes from the clouds. If it did not rain, 
wheat, and rye, and corn would not grow ; and 
then we should have no bread. 

If it did not rain, the grass would not grow, 
and the cows would give us no milk. Cows eat 
grass, and that makes them give milk. 

Let us take a walk in the fields, and see the 
cows and calves, the sheep and lambs, the birds 
and trees. 

Do not walk on the grass ; it is high, and quite 
wet. Walk in this smooth path. 

Here is a field of wheat. It will soon be ripe. 
Flour is made of wheat. Bread is made of flour. 

What time of day is it? It is noon. Where 
is the sun at noon ? In the south. Turn your 
face, and look at it. 

When it is noon, and you look at the sun, 
your face is to the south, your back to the north, 
your left hand to the east, and your right hand 
to the west. 

Where does the sun rise ? In the east. Where 
does it set? In the west. Far to the north it is 
cold ; but to the south it is warm. 

The wind blows. Which way does it blow ? 
It blows from the north. The north wind is cold ; 
the south wind is warm ; the east wind will bring 
a storm of rain. 

Charles, what were eyes made for ? To see 
with ; ears to hear with ; the tongue to talk with ; 
the nose to smell with, and legs to walk with. 





THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK 


45 




SECTION XVII. 




Words of 


two syllables, accented on the first. 




LESSON I. 




l 


1 


1 


1 
X 


A corn 


grace ful 


pew ter 


wea ry 


a gent 


great ness 


pi ous 


w;ri ter 


a pril 


grzev ous 


poid tice 


2 


bane ful 


hind most 


powl try 


ab sence 


bea ver 


hy men 


preach er 


ac tion 


beau ty 


le gion 


pro noun 


ac tive 


be som 


li cense 


raz ment 


ad verb 


bible 


light ning 


re gfon 


am bush 


bold ness 


like wise 


re tail 


an nals 


by word 


lone some 


safe ty 


an swer 


ca dence 


mi ser 


sai lor 


ar row 


clear ness 


mo tion* 


sci.ence 


bap tism 


cowrt ship 


mo tive 


se quel 


bash ful 


dai ly 


mozmi er 


showl der 


bat tie 


dai ry 


na tion 


si lence 


bel low 


dai sy 


na tive 


si lent 


bis cuit 


de ism 


nee die 


sta ble 


bish op 


de ist 


nee dy 


sta tion 


blem ish 


dole ful 


no ble 


stee pie 


break fast 


drea ry 


no tice 


stew ard 


brit tie 


ea gle 


no tion 


ta ble 


bwild ing 


ea sj 


nm sance 


teach er 


bun die 


e qua! 


pain ful 


tnu tor 


can die 


fable 


pa rent 


treat ment 


cap tain 


fa mous 


pave ment 


trea ty 


cap tive 


fra grant 


pa?/ ment 


tri umph 


cat tie 


fri day 


peace ful 


tues day 


cher ry 


* The syllables tion, and sion, are pronounced like shun, through- 


out the work, unless otherwise defined. 





46 


THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK 


. 


1 


2 


2 


2 


2 




cred it 


hem lock 


quin sy 


vil lain 




crip pie 


her aid 


read y 


weap on 




crum ble 


bus band 


rel ish 


wed ding 




cur tain 


ill ness 


rep tile 


wednes day 




dam sel 


im pulse 


rid die 


wel come 




daz zle 


in come 


ruf fie 


wil low 




debt or 


in sect 


sa/m on 


win dow 




del uge 


in ward 


scan dal 


wish ful 




die tion 


jour nal 


scis sors 


yel low 




dim pie 


jus tice 


sec ond 


zeal ous 




dis tance 


kin dred 


sec tion 


3 




dis trict 


king dom 


self ish 


al ways 




dwel ling 


land lord 


sen ate 


auc tion 




ef fort 


lit tie 


sen tence 


au tumn 




el bow 


mal ice 


shad ow 


aw ful 




em pire 


man sion 


shep herd 


bor der 




en trance 


mead ow 


shil ling 


cau tion 




es sence 


mel low 


sim pie 


daugh ter 




fam ine 


men tion 


snuf fers 


false hood 




fiddle 


mid night 


spar row 


for feit 




fig ure 


mus lin 


stum ble 


for mer 




fin ish 


nar row 


sun day 


hor net 




frac tion 


nim ble 


syn tax 


law yer 




friend ship 


nut meg 


sys tern 


mor tal 




fur row 


par ish 


tal low 


mor tise 




gen tie 


pen sion 


tav ern 


or chard 




grum ble 


per ish 


tern pest 


or phan 




gu'm ea 


pil grim 


tern pie 


quar ter 




han die 


pleas ant 


tim ber 


scorn ful 




har row 


pres ence 


tres pass 


war ble 




heav y 


pub lish 


turn pike 


4 




heif er 


pun ish 


up right 


ar gue 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK 


47 


4 


5 


5 


8 


bar gain 


con sul 


prov ince 


ov en 


bar ter 


con text 


sol emn 


wor ship 


car nal 


cop per 


sol id 


°v . , 


char coal 


doc tor 


sor row 


boy ish 


far mer 


doc trine 


swal \ow 


joy ful 


gar ment 


dol lar 


tor rent 


loy al 


har ness 


fol low 


war rant 


roy al 


har vest 


folly 


6 


voy age 


lawgh ter 


for est 


bo som 


ou 


mar gin 


gos pel 


move ment boun ty 


part ner 


Aon est 


spoon ful 


coun ty 


party 


hos tile 


7 


dou&t ful 


tar nish 


mod ern 


bul lock 


moun tain 


var nish 


mor al 


ful ness 


out rage 


5 


mor tow 


pud ding 


ow 


bios som 


non sense 


pul pit 


bow er 


bor row 


nos tril 


worn an 


cow ard 


bot torn 


nos trum 


8 


dow er 


cod fish 


nov ice 


com fort 


dow ry 


cof fee 


of fice 


com pass 


drow sj 


coffin 


pom pous 


cov er 


pow der 


col unm 


pot ash 


gov ern 


pow er 


com ma 


prob lem 


love ly 


show er 


com merce 


prop er 


lov er 


tow er 


com mon 


pros pect 


mon day 


town ship 




LESSON II. 




The words in 


the remaining part of this section, are synony- 


mous ; in which the second column defines the first, and the 


first the second. 








1 


1 


l 


l 


Bale ful - 


wo ful 


la den 


- load ed 


ho ly 


sa cred 


pe tre 


- ni tre 


fu tile 


use less 


pri vate 


- se cret 


i i ris the rain how 


pu pil 


- stu dent ! 

i 



48 


THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


! 


1 

sole ly 


1 

mere ly 


1 

pri or 


. 


3 

for mer 


weak ly 


fee blc 

2 

cher ub 
mal let 
reck less 


fre quent 


- 


of/ en 


j. 

an gel a 
bee tic a 
care less - 


l 
great er 
la ding 

r 


- 


4 

lar ger 
car go 

5 


dan ger - 


per il 


sci ence 


„ 


knovA edge 


e ven 


lev el 


re cent 


_ 


mod ern 


fa tal 


dead ly 


2 




2 


fear ful 
has/ en to 


tim id 
hur ry 


bab ble 


to 
to 


gab ble ) 
prat tie £ 


jo ker a 


jest er 


bal lot 


a 


tick et 


li brate to 


bal ancc 


cen tre 


the mid die 


like ness a 


sem blance 


clat ter 


to 


rat tie 


load stone a 


mag net 


em blem 


a 


sym bol 


mean ing - 


pur port 


er rand 


a 


mes sage 


mowl dy - 


mus ty 


flick er 


to 


flut ter 


pee vish 


tes ty ) 
fret ful \ 


fash ion 
glit ter 


a 
to 


hab it 
glis/ en 


peo pic 


per sons 


ham let 


a 


vil lage 


pli ant 


flex ile > 
sup pie \ 


in jure 
in stant 


to 
a 


dam age 
mo ment 


pre cept a 


les son 


jab ber 


to 


chat ter 


qui et 


tran quil 


jun to 


a 


fac tion 


rare ly 


sel dom 


lug gage 


- 


bag gage 


ro mance a 


fie tion 


mat ter 


- 


sub stance 


shi ning - 


ful gent 


mel ter 


a 


smel ter 


show y 


splen did 


mut ter 


to 


mum blc 


stu pid 


dump ish 


nour ish 


to 


cher ish 


to ken a 


symp torn 


pes ter 


to 


troub le 


to per a 


drunk ard 


pil lage 


to 


plun der 


tu mult a 


bus tie 


prac tice 


a 


cus torn 


Jty rant a 


des pot 


rel ict 


a 


wid oiv 



THE PICTOEIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



49 



rub bish 
rud dy 
shac kle 
sin ew 
spec tre 
stut ter 
tarn per 
trav el 
tun nel 
wed lock 



to 

a 

a 

to 

to 

a 

a 



chap let a 
cun ning - 
skil ful 
sul ly 

3 

ad age a 
brig and a 
bur nish to 



to 



cav ern 
dan dy 
dusk y 
flour ish 
lus ty 
man ners 



a 
a 

to 



fragments 
red dish 
fet ter 
ten don 
phan torn 
stam mer 
med die 
jour ney 
fun nel 
mar riage 

4 

gar land 
craft y 
art ful 
tar nish 

5 

prov erb 
rob ber 
poi ish 
grot to 
cox com6 
som bre 
pros per 
stock y 
mor als 



to 
to 
to 



a 

to 



ram ble 
tat tie 
wel ter 

2 

dis mal 
sil ly 

2 

bat tie 
shel ter 

2 

ven om 

2 

ras cal a 

2 

das tard a 

3 

gau dy - 

3 

sl&ugh ter - 
bor der a 

4 

mar veJ 

5 

con flict 
of fer 



to 



wan der 
gos sip 
wal low 

6 

gloom y 
fool ish 

8 

com bat 
cov er 

01 

poi son 

ou 

scoun drel 

aw 

cow ard 

3 

taw dry 

4 

car nage 
mar gin 

8 

won der 

5 

con test 



to prof fer 



bios som a flow er 



Questions upon the preceding section. 



What sound has a in a-corn ? 

By what figure is it governed 1 
j What letter is silent in dai-ly 1 
I How are the silent letters printed 1 
; What sound has e in cred-it ? 
j What figure governs it ] 
{ What sound has y in syn-tax 1 
| What figure governs it 1 

' bound has a in wa-terl 
' What figure governs it ! 



What sound has a in far-mer? 
By what figure is it governed ? 
What sound has o in nov-el 1 
By what figure is it governed 1 
What sound has oo in fool-ish ? 
By what figure is it governed? 
What sound has o in cor-er ? 
What figure governs it? 
What letter is silent in Jion-est? 
What sound has s in drowsy 7 



50 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XVIII. 

Easy and instructive Reading Lessons, 

Here is the picture of some school-boys : 
four of them are standing up to spell, three 
more are coming to spell with them, and three 
others, who have just been punished for their 
bad conduct, are going to their seats; count 
them, and tell how many there are in all. 

One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. 




You must now learn the figures that represent 
these numbers. Here is the picture of some 
apples, with figures placed under them. By 
counting the apples, you will know the figures. 
You must count them as you did the school- 
boys. Now learn the figures by counting the 
apples. 



12 345 6789 10 

Can you tell what use is made of apples ? 
Apples are a very valuable fruit ; and are used 
in various ways. When they are ripe, they are 
fit to eat. Some are made into sauce, pies, 
and puddings : many of them are used for 
making cider. 

There are various- kinds of apples ; some are 
red, some are green, and others yellow : some 
are sweet, and some sour. The tree on which 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 51 




they grow, is called an apple-tree. Here is a 
picture of it. 

By looking at this pic- 
ture, you will perceive that 
the apple-tree consists of 
roots, trunk, branches, 
leaves and fruit. 

The roots are the parts 
which grow in the ground, 
and support the tree. The 
part between the branches and the ground is 
called the trunk, or body. The branches are 
those parts which shoot out from the trunk, 
upon which the leaves and fruit grow. 

When it is spring, the tree puts forth leaves 
and blossoms, and the air is perfumed with a 
sweet smell. 

The blossoms do not remain long upon the 
tree ; they soon fall off : then the small apples 
appear. At first they are not larger than a pea ; 
but they grow bigger every day, till they are full 
grown : then they become ripe, and are fit for 
use. Many of these trees together, are called 
an orchard. 



SECTION XIX. 

Words of two syllables, accented on the second. 

LESSON I. 
Ill 1 

A buse af ford ar range bap tize 

ac cuse a muse ar rive be Kef 

a cute ap peal as cribe be Keve 

ad vise a rise as sign be stow 



52 


DHE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 




1 


1 


2 


5 


be tween 


re prieve 


per haps 


un lock 


be tray 


re sign 


per sist 


up on 


com plain 


re vise 


re sent 


6 


com plaint 


se vere 


re sist 


ap prove 


com pose 


sin cere 


re spect 


bal loon 


com plete 


sue ceed 


re venge 


be hoove 


con ceive 


trus tee 


trans act 


im prove 


con elude 


2 


un less 


sur tout 


de cay 


a byss 


un well 


8 


de ceit 


a midst 


3 


a bove 


de ceive 


at tempt 


ab hor 


a mong 


de cree 


commence 


a dorn 


be come 


de light 


con demn 


be cause 


un done 


de tain 


con fess 


de fraud 


9 


dis course 


con struct 


de form 


con vey 


dis play 


con tempt 


in form 


o bey 


en close 


de fence 


re ward 


sur vey 


en dear 


e clipse 


un taught 


10 

ca price 


ex change 


e quip 


4 


fa tigue 


ex plain 


ex pense 


a larm 


in trigue 


ex plore 


ex press 


de part 


po lice 


ex pose 


ga zette 


em ba/m 


oi 


for sake 


im mense 


em bark 


ap point 


im peach 


im press 


en large 


a void 


im pure 


in de&t 


mam ma 


en join 


in deed 


in dulge 


pa pa 


ex ploit 


per spire 


in flict 


re mark 


ou 


pre vail 


in fringe 


5 


a bound 


pro ceed 


in spect 


a dopt 


ac count 


re deem 


in stead 


be long 


a mount 


re lease 


in struct 


for got 


a round 


re lief 


of fence 


re solve 


de vour 


re lieve 


op press 


re volve 


de vout 





THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 53 






LESSON II. 




Synonymous words ; in which the second column defines 




the first, and the first the second. 




1 

A bide 


to re main 


1 2 

ac cede to con sent 




ab stain 


to re frain 


a gree to con cur 




ac quire 


to at tain 


as sail to at tack 




as pire 


to de sire 


be moan to la ment 




be reave 
com bine 


to de prive 
to u nite 


-. to as sent ) 

con cede . , , .. > 

to ad mit $ 






to con tain ) 


con fuse to a bash 




com prise 


to in elude } 


con sign to com mit 




con ceal 


to se crete 


con vene to col lect 




con trive 


to de vise 


de prave to cor rupt 




de base 


to de grade 


de spise to con temn 




de cease 


to ex pire 


dis close to di vulge 




de lude 


to be gwile 


dis please to of fend 




de mean 


to be have 


en force to com pel 




ef face 


to de face 


ex ceed to ex eel 




e lude 


to e vade 


c , to fore tell ) 

foreshow :, -, • . > 

to pre diet $ 




en croach to in trude 




en tice 


to al lure 


im pede to ob struct 




en treat 


to beseech ) 


in crease to aug ment 




to im plore £ 


in vite to re quest 




gen teel 


- po lite 


op pose to ob ject 




pol lute 


to de file 


per suade to con vince 




por tray 


to de scribe 


post pone to ad journ 




pre elude 


to ex elude 


re ceive to ac cept 




pre sume 


to sup pose 


re fuse to re ject 




pro claim 


to de clare 


re pay to re fund 




pro cure 


to ob tain 


re store to re turn 




re cede 


to re treat 


sur vive to out live 




re cite 


to re peat 


1 6 




re trieve 


to re gain 


re buke to re prove 





<!* 



54 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



re fute to dis prove 



an nex to 
con dense to 
de duct to 
de fend to 



2 

affix 



dis turb 

e lect 
ex pel 
o mit 
re but 



com press 
sub tract 
to pro tect 
to mo lest 
to perplex 
to se lect 
to e ject 
to neg lect 
to re pel 



re pent to 

re suit 

sue cum& to 

sus pect to 

2 
ad judge to 



a mend 
at tack 

2 

re spect 

2 

ad dress 
re bel 



to 
an 

to 

to 
to 



2 

re gret 
ef feet 
sub mit 
mis trust 

3 

a ward 
re form 
as sault 

4 

re gard 

5 

ac cost 
re volt 



LESSON III. 

The following words, which belong to this and the prece- 
ding section, have the accent sometimes on the first, and 
sometimes on the second syllable, according to their definition. 



Definition when the accent is 
on the first syllable. 

Often done, 
passage back. 

a short treatise, 
augmentation, 
a family name. 

without hope, 
not present, 
an abridgment, 
stress of voice, 
something added, 
substance extracted, 
mark, stamp, 
printer's name, 
perfumes burnt. 



Definition when the accent 
is on the second syllable. 
1 2 

Fre quent To visit often. 
re gress to go back. 



2 

es 

in crease 

sur name 

2 2 

ab ject 
ab sent 
ab stract 
ac cent 
affix 
ex tract 
im press 
im print 
in cense 



to attempt, 
to make more, 
to add a name. 

to throw away, 
to withdraw, 
to take from, 
to note the accent, 
to subjoin, 
to draw out. 
to stamp, print, 
to print ; fix. 
to provoke. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



55 



insolence, abuse, 
matter treated of 

a partner, 
a boundary. 

increase. 

the 8th month. 

pain, anguish. 

a short prayer. 

an agreement. 

management. 

a combat. 

a council. 

a dispute, debate. 

a bargain. 

opposition. 

one convicted. 

design, purpose. 



2 2 

in suit 
sub ject 



to abuse, 

to put under. 



col league to unite with. 
con fine to limit ; shut up. 



aug ment 
au gust 
tor ment 

5 2 

col lect 
com pact 
con duct 
con flict 
con suit 
con test 
con tract 
con trast 
con vict 



to increase, 
great, grand, 
to torture, vex. 

to gather. 

to join together. 

to lead, manage. 

to contest. 

to ask advice. 

to contend. 

to shorten. 

to put in opposition. 

to prove guilty. 

to oppose. 



ob ject 

Useful Lessons. 

Henry, how many barley-corns make an inch ? 
Three. Twelve inches make a foot ; three feet 
make a yard ; five yards and a half make a rod, 
perch or pole ; forty rods make a furlong ; eight 
furlongs make a mile; and three miles a league. 

William, can you tell how many gills make a 
pint ? Four. Two pints make a quart ; four 
quarts make a gallon ; thirty-one and a half 
gallons make a barrel ; four barrels make a 
pipe ; and two pipes a tun. 

How many single things make a score ? 
Twenty. Twelve make a dozen, and twelve 
dozen a gross. 



55 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




Twenty-four sheets of paper make a quire; 
twenty quires a ream ; and ten reams a bale. 

SECTION XX. 

Familiar Lessons, illustrated by Pictures. 

Come here, Charles, and 
look at these pretty little 
birds. Here is the robin, 
the sparrow, the yellow 
bird, the wren, the cat-bird, 
the lark, the linnet, the 
blue-bird, the swallow, the 
martin, the hang-bird, and 
the little humming-bird, 

which is the smallest, and most beautiful of all 

the feathered tribe, 

Dear little birds, how they sing and play. 

Let us sit down on the green grass, in the shade 

of this tree, and hear them sing their sweet songs. 

Henry, here is a cat ; 

see how quiet and mild 

she looks ! Puss has 

sharp claws, but she will 

not bite nor scratch, un- 

]|[|I!ii' less you hurt her. 

Puss catches rats, and mice, and birds. She 

lies in wait, and springs upon her prey, which 

she takes by surprise : she then sports with the 

poor little animal, before she kills him. 

Cats dislike water, and cold : they love to 
bask in the sun, and lie on soft cushions. 

Puss is sly and treacherous, and if she has aj 
chance, will steal your breakfast or dinner. .] 




THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 57 



,,iiiii||B^ Here are some beauti- 

■P J || M little kittens. See how 

tl^^^y^§^^Z You must give them some 
wk^^^m^^^^. new milk. Puss has been 

The little kittens are playful, and very amu- 
sing. You may play with them, but do not 
hurt them. 

Early at School. 

The hour is come, I must not stay, 
But haste to school without delay ; 
Nor loiter here, for 'tis a crime 
To trifle thus with precious time. 

These golden hours will soon be o'er 
When I can go to school no more : 
How painful then would be the thought, 
That I had spent my time for naught. 



SECTION XXI. 

Words of three syllables, accented on the first. 

l l 2 

Beau ti ful ju bi lee ac cu rate 

bra zen ness ju ve nile ad jec tive 

ca pa ble live li hood ag gra vate 

care ful ness no ble ness al pha bet 

di a \ogue nu mer ous ban ish ment 

du pli cate pre vi ous bur den some 

du ra ble se ri ous cab i net 

for ci ble so ber ness cat a ract 

fre quen cy u ni form chan eel lor 

glo ri ous u ni verse civ il ize 

i die ness va ri ous clem en cy 



58 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



cyl in der 
dif fer ence 
dis ci pline 
ed i fice 
el o quent 
em pha sis 
en ter prise 
ep i taph 
ev i dence 
fern i nine 
gen tie man 
hap pi ness 
heav i ness 
hes i tate 
im pu dence 
in fa mous 

in flu ence 
in no cence 
in ter view 
jeal ous y 
man u script 
mas cu line 
mes sen ger 
mis er y 
neg li gence 
par a ble 
par a graph 
pen i tence 
pes ti lence 
pref er ence 
pres i dent 
prim i tive 



pun ish ment 
read i ness 
rec om pense 
ref er ence 
rel a tive 
res o lute 
sen si ble 
set tie ment 
sim pie ton 
skel e ton 
sub sti tute 
syl la ble 
tern per ance 
ten der ness 
ter ri ble 
trans i tive 

troub le some 
ut ter ance 
ven om ous 
vis i ble 
wil der ness 

3 

au di ble 
cor po rate 
for ti tude 
mor ti fy 
or na ment 

4 

ar gu ment 
ar ti cle 
car pen ter 
par ti cle 



part ner ship 

5 

col o ny 
com e dy 
com pe tence 
con ju gate 
con so nant 
con ti nent 
con tra ry 
hor ri ble 
Ion gi tude 
mon u ment 
nov el ty 
ob li gate 
ob so lete 
ob sti nate 

of fi cer 
or a cle 
or a tor 
pop u lar 
pos si ble 
prob a ble 
prop a gate 
prop er ty 
pros e cute 
pros o dy 
prot est ant 
prov i dence 
quad ru ped 
qual i fy 
qual i ty 
sol i tude 



THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 59 


In the remaining part of this 


section, each column defines 


the other. 


1 


2 


Eat a b\e 


ed i b\e 


ho li ness 


sane ti ty 


nu tri merit 


nour ish ment 


me di um 


av er age 


pli a b\e 


flex i ble 


to tal ly 


ut ter ly 


trai tor ous 

2 

an ec dote a 


treoxh er ous 

2 

nar ra tive 


ev i dent 


man i fest 


ex i gence 


ur gen cy 


gen er ous 


lib er al 


im pre cate to 


ex e crate 


in dus try 


dil i gence 


per il ous 


haz ard ous 


sec u lar 


tem po ral 


syc o phant a 


flat ter er 


ven er ate to 


rev er ence 


2 

mel o dy 


4 

har mo ny 


strat a gem 


ar ti Hce 

5 

pos i tive 


2 

ab so lute 


af flu ence 


op u lence 


af flu ent 


op u lent 


cour te sy 


com i ty 


ded i cate to 


con se crate 


hin der ance 


ob sta cle 


in di gence 


pov er ty 


rec ti tude 


Aon es ty 


res i dence a 


dom i cil 


sub se quent 


fol low; ing 


• tern per ate 


mod er ate 



60 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XXII. 

Useful Lessons, 

Now James you must learn the answers to the 
following questions, so that you can repeat them 
without the book. 

Q. What are the four cardinal points ? 

A. East, West, North, and South. 

Q. What are the four elements ; as formerly 
understood. 

A. Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. 

Q. What are the five stages of human life ? 

A. Infancy, Childhood, Youth, Manhood, and Old Age. 




Q. What are the five senses ? 

A. Seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feel- 
ing. We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, 
smell with the nose, taste with the mouth or 
palate, and feel in every part of our bodies. 

Q. Do all substances have the same taste ? 

A. They do not : the taste or flavour is vari- 
ous ; as sweet, sour, bitter, pungent, salt, in- 
sipid. 

Q. Can you name some things that have these 
different flavours ? 

A. Sugar is sweet ; lemon is sour ; worm- 
wood is bitter ; mustard is hot, or pungent ; 
rice is insipid. Insipid, means, having very little 
flavour. 



THE 


PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 61 


SECTION XXIII. 


Words of three 


syllables, accented on the second, 
i <■» 


l 

A bu sive 


i 
pro mo tion 


a 

de struc tive 


a gree ment 


pro po sal 


de tach ment 


a muse ment 


quo ta tion 


di men sion 


ap pa rent 


re deem er 


dis fig ure 


bias phe mer 


re fu sal 


dis sem ble 


com mo tion 


re la tion 


dis tur bance 


com pli ance 


re mam der 


e lee tion 


con ceal ment 


re proach fill 


e lee tive 


con clu sive 


re tire ment 


e rup tion 


ere a tion 


sal va tion 


ex pan sion 


ere a tive 


so lu tion 


ex pen sive 


de fi ance 


sub scri ber 


ex ten sion 


de light fill 


un a ble 


ex ten sive 


de si rous 


un e qual 


ho san na 


de vo tion 


va ca tion 


il lus trate 


dis ci pie 


2 

a bun dance 


im pris on 


do na tion 


ad journ ment 


in ac tive 


du ra tion 


ad mit tance 


in dig nant 


e mo tion 


ap pren tice 


in dul gence 


en gage ment 


as sem bly 


in flee tion 


e qua tor 


as sess ment 


in flic tion 


ex clu sive 


as sist ance 


in jus tice 


foun da tion 


at tend ance 


in scrip tion 


im peach ment 


com mit tee 


in struc tion 


in clu sive 


com pul sion 


in struc tive 


mes si vih 


con cur rence 


in ten tion 


mis ta ken 


con tent ment 


in ven tion 


o ra tion 


con vul sion 


neg lect ful 


per sua sive 


de clen sion 


ob jec tion 


po lite ness 


de fee tive 


ob jec tive 




6 





62 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



ob struc tive 
oc cur rence 
pre ten sion 
pro gres sive 
pro mul gate 
pro tec tion 
re demp tion 
re due tion 
re flee tion 



ac cord ing 
e nor mous 
im mor tal 
im por tance 
un law ful 

4 

a part ment 
co part ner 
de part ment 



re mem brance em bar go 



re sem b\e 
re sent ment 
se lee tion 
sub jec tion 
sub mis sive 
sub scrip tion 
sus pen sion 
tre men dous 
tri umph ant 
un friend ly 
un pleas ant 
un stead y 



en large ment 
in car nate 

5 
a bol ish 
ad mon ish 
a pos tate 
as ton ish 
de pos ite 
im mod est 
im pos tor 
im prop er 
in con stant 



in sol vent 
mis con duct 
re mon strance 

8 

at tor ney 
dis cov er 
en com pass 
re cov er 
un cov er 

9 

con Yey ance 
pur Yey ance 
sur Yey or 

oy 

de stroy er 
em ploy er 
em ploy ment 
en joy ment 

ow 

al low ance 
a vow al 
em pow er 
en dow ment 



In the remaining part of this section, each column defines 
the other. 



Nar ra tor 
ne ga tion 
op po nent 
pel lu cid 

re ci tal 
l 
com pie tion 
con ta gion 



a 
a 
an 

a 



re la ter 
de ni al 
op po ser 
trans pa rent 
nar ra tion 

2 

per fee tion 
in fee tion 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



63 



de ceit ful 
de ceiv er 
re cli ning 
re tarn ing 
un ceos ing 

2 

pre cur sor 
re luc tant 
re pug nance 
vin die tive 

2 

em bel lish 
pi az za 

2 

a bun dant 
ad van tage 
as sas sin 
dis sem bier 
en cour age 
ex is tence 
ob struc tion 
re sem bling 
re spect ful 
u ten sil 



to 
a 



a 
to 



an 



de cep tive 
pre tend er 
re cum bent 
re ten tion 
in ces sant 

2 

fore run ner 
un wil ling 
re luc tance 
re venge ful 

l 
beau ti fy 
por ti co 

2 

plen ti ful 
ben e fit 
mur der er 
hyp o crite 
an i mate 
en ti ty 
bin der ance 
sim i lar 
af fa ble 
im pie ment 



Questions upon the preceding section. 



What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 



sound has u in a-bu-sive ? 
figure governs it ? 
does figure 1 represent ? 
sound has e in al-read-y ? 
figure governs it] 
does figure 2 represent ? 
sound has o in im-mor-tal ? 
figure governs it ? 
does figure 3 represent ? 
sound has a in em-bar-go ? 
figure governs it ? 
does figure 4 represent 1 
sound has o in a-bol-ish 1 



By what figure is it governed 1 
What does figure 5 represent? 
What sound has o in at-tor-neyl 
By what figure is it governed 1 
What does figure 8 represent? 
What sound has e in sur-vey-orl 
By what figure is it governed 1 
What does figure 9 represent? 
What letter is silent in a-bu-sive ? 
What letter is silent in al-read-y 1 
What sound has s in ho-san-na ? 
What sound has ph in blas-phe-mer ? 
What letter is silent in un-friend-lyl 



64 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XXIV. 

Words of three syllables, accented on the third. 



af ter noon 
dis ap prove 
o ver do 
o ver shoot 

8 

o ver come 

10 
bom ba sin 
mag a zine 
man da rin 
quar an tine 

oi 

coun ter poise 
dis ap point 
o ver poise 

In the remaining part of this section, each column defines 
the other. 



Ad ver tise 
ap per tain 
bom bard ier 
brig a dier 
can non ier 
cav a lier 
co in cide 
dis ap pear 
dis be Keve 
en gi neer 
en ter tarn 
fore or dam 
gren a dier 
in sin cere 
in ter weave 



o ver reach 
pre en gage 
pre ma ture 
pri va teer 
ref er ee 
un be Kef 

2 

ac qui esce 
con de scend 
dis con tent 
o ver act 
o ver head 
re com mence 
re con duct 
un der sell 



dis en gage to 

in ter fere to 

su per vise to 

in ter lace to 

2 

com pre hend to 

in ter cept to 

l 

dis re pute to 
in sin cere 

2 

in ter diet to 

rep re sent to 



dis u nite 
in ter pose 
o ver see 

2 

in ter mix 

un der stand 
in ter rupt 

2 

dis cred it 
dis sem bling 

pro hib it 
ex hib it 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



65 



SECTION XXV. 




The Happy Family. 

Here is the picture of" a happy family, sitting 
round the cheerful fire, in a cold winter's eve- 
ning. The father is sitting by his wife, smoking 
a pipe ; his dog lies sleeping at his feet. 

The mother is sitting by her husband, with a 
child in her arms ; while the playful cat is 
standing by her side. Jane, the eldest of the 
children, is spinning. She spins flax into yarn 
or thread, which is woven into cloth. 

George, James, and Joseph, are studying their 
books. They go to school. They are learning 
their lessons, that each one may be first in his 
class. 

These parents love their children, and are very 
kind to them. They took care of them when 
they were young and helpless ; when they could 
do nothing but cry, and give a great deal of 
trouble. 

They take much care to instruct their chil- 
dren ; to provide food for them to eat, and 



6* 



66 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 

clothes for them to wear. When sick and in dis- 
tress, they pity them, and kindly wait upon them. 

These are all good children : they are very 
thankful for the kindness of their parents, and do 
all in their power to make them happy. They 
always obey their father and mother, and try to 
please them. 

If denied what they want, they never grumble, 
nor get angry ; but think their parents know 
best what is proper for them. 

These good children are never guilty of 
telling lies. If they do any mischief, they will 
confess it, and say they are very sorry, and will 
try to do so no more ; then their parents and 
friends will not be angry with them. 

They pray daily to God, that he would be 
pleased of his mercy and goodness to preserve 
their parents and friends, that they may live 
many years, and by that means have it in their 
power to instruct them, and train them up in 
virtue and knowledge. 

They love one another, and likewise all their 
playmates. They never swear, nor use bad 
words, nor call ill names. They are never 
peevish, nor fretful; but always cheerful and 
good humoured. 

I hope the little girls and boys who read this, 
will try to imitate the example of these good 
children. 

Then their parents, and teachers, and all their 
friends, will love them ; and God, their Heavenly 
Father, who knows all their thoughts, hears all 
their words, and sees all their actions, will love 
them likewise. 



F 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



67 



SECTION XXVI. 

Words of four syllables, accented on thejirst. 



2 

in no 



in ter est mg 



cent ly 



A mi a ble 

rea son a ble 

va ri e gate nav i ga ble 

vi o lent ly per ish a ble 

2 pref er a ble 

ad mi ra ble pun ish a ble 

am i ca ble reg u la tor 

an swer a ble rep u ta ble 

ap pli ca ble sec on da ry 

cat er pil lar sev er al ly 

dil i gent ly spec u la tive hos pi ta ble 

el e gant ly suf fer a ble mod er ate ly 

el i gi ble tab er na cle nom i na tive 

fash ion a ble tern per ate ly ob sti na cy 

im po ten cy tern per a ture pos i tive ly 

In the remaining part of this section, each column defines 

the other. 
2 2 



ar bi tra ry 
bar ba rous ly 
par don a ble 
par ti cip le 

5 

com i cal ness 
com men ta ry 
com mon al ty 
com pe tent \y 
con tro ver sy 



char i ta ble 
des pi ca ble 
ir ri ta ble 
mis er a bly 
sem i na ry 
mis er a ble 

2 

rel ish a ble 
ad ver sa ry 
die tion a ry 
ig no min y 
pred a to ry 
sane ti mo ny 



an 
a 



be nev o lent 
con tempt i ble 
i ras ci ble 
un hap pi ly 
a cad e my 
un hap py 

2 

pal at a ble 
en e my 
lex i con 
in fa my 
plun der ing 
sane ti ty 



68 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XXVII. 

Money, and Metals. 

William, can you tell how money is made ? 

Money is coined from metals of different 
value ; gold, silver, and copper. Most metals 
are made from ore, which is dug out of the 
ground from a place called a mine. 

The gold coins of the United States, are 
eagles, half eagles, and quarter eagles. An 
eagle is worth ten dollars ; a half eagle, five ; 
and a quarter eagle, two and a half. 

The silver coins are dollars, half dollars, quar- 
ters, dimes, and half dimes. The value of a 
dollar, is one hundred cents ; the half dollar, 
fifty cents ; the quarter, twenty-five cents ; the 
dime, ten cents ; and the half dime, five cents. 

Cents are copper coins ; one hundred of 
which make a dollar. 

There are other metals beside those used 
for money ; such as iron, lead, tin, and quick- 
silver. Metals are the heaviest substances known 
in the world. 

Gold is a very heavy metal, and weighs more 
than nineteen times as much as water. That is, 
a cup full of gold would be heavier than a quan- 
tity of water sufficient to fill the same cup nine- 
teen times. 

Silver is eleven times heavier than water. 

Copper is nearly nine times heavier. 

Iron is eight times heavier than water. 

Lead is twelve times heavier than water. 

Tin is seven times heavier than water. 

Quicksilver is fifteen times heavier than water. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



69 



- I 



Brass is made of copper and zinc. 
Steel, of which scissors, knives, and many other 
things are made, is prepared from iron. 

Questions upon the preceding Section* — to he answered, hj 
the pupil. 

Of what is money made 1 What metals are coined for money ? 
From what are metals made 1 What is the place called from which 
ore is taken? What are the gold coins of the United States] 
What is the value of an eagle 1 What is the value of a half eagle ) 
What is the value of a quarter eagle 1 Can you name some of the 
silver coins 1 What is the value of a dollar 1 How many cents 
make a half dollar ? How many cents make a dime ? How many 
a half dime 1 What are copper coins 1 What metals are not used 
for money 1 What are the heaviest substances known in the 
world 1 How much heavier is gold than water ] Of what is brass 
made ? From what is steel prepared ? 



SECTION XXVIII. 

Words of four syllables, accented on the second. 



A gree a ble 
an ni hi late 
ap pro pri ate 
de si ra b\e 
de spi sa ble 
er ro ne ous 
fe lo ni ous 
har mo ni ous 
im mu ta ble 
in ca pa ble 
in de cen cy 
in ju ri ous 
la bo ri ous 
mys te ri ous 
no to ri ous 



ob tarn a ble 
pre ca ri ous 
sa lu bri ous 
sa lu bri ty 
spon ta ne ous 
sup port a ble 
vie to ri ous 

2 

ac ces si ble 
am phib i ous 
a nal y sis 
as cen den cy 
be nef i cence 
ca lam i tous 
co in ci dence 



col lee tive ly 
com bus ti hie 
con spic u ous 
con tin gen cy 
con tin u al 
con tin u ance 
de clar a tive 
de lir i ous 
de lir i um 
de liv er ance 
de liv er y 
de riv a tive 
di min u tive 
dis sat is fy 
dis trib u tive 



*• The practice of frequently exercising children in answering ques- 
tions upon what they have read, is strongly recommended to teachers. 
It forms a pleasing variety in their exercises, and at the same time 
gives them a heUer knowledge of what they read. 



70 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



e vap o rate 
ex pres si b\e 
ex trav a gant 
il lib er al 
il lus tri ous 
ira mac u late 
im pen i tence 
im pen i tent 
in ac cu rate 
in an i mate 
in cred i b\e 
in dif fer ence 
in dus tri ous 
in el e gant 
in fin i tive 
in grat i tude 
in quis i tive 
in teg ri ty 
in tel li gence 
in tem per ate 
in tim i date 
in ves ti gate 

In the remaining part 
1 
Con gru i ty 
ex pe ri ence 
im pe ri ous 
re la tion ship 
se cu ri ty 

2 

a dul ter ate 
am big u ous 
ca tas tro phe 
ce ler i ty 



2 5 

in vin ci ble bi og ra phy 

in vis i ble com mod i ty 

ma lev o lent de moc ra cy 

mi rac u lous de pop u late 

per plex i ty e con o my 

pre med i tate e mol u ment 

pro mis cu ous e qual i ty 

re spec ta ble ge og ra phy 



ri die u lous 
stu pid i ty 
su prem a cy 
sus cep ti ble 
u nan i mous 
un gen er ous 
vi cis si tude 

5 

a nom a ly 
a non y mous 
a pol o gize 
a pol o gy 
a pos ta cy 
as trol o gy 

of this section, the words are synonymous. 

con sis ten cy 
ex per i ment 
im per a tive 
af fin i ty 
in dem ni ty 

2 

to con tarn in ate 

e quiv o cal 
a ca lam i ty 

ra pid i ty 



hy poc ri sy 
i dol a try 
im pos si ble 
ma hog a ny 
ma jor i ty 
me trop o lis 
mi nor i ty 
phi los o pher 
pre rog a tive 
sy non y mous 

8 

ac com pa ny 
dis cov er y 
re cov er y 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 71 


2 

com mis er ate 


to 


2 

com pas sion ate 


e pit o me 


L 


com pen di um 


ma lev o lence 


- 


ma lig ni ty 


pe riph e ry 


~ 


cir cum fer ence 


pro pin qui ty 


- 


prox im i ty 


re luc tant ly 


- 


un wil ling ly 


re venge ful ness 


- 


vin die tive ness 


si mil i tude . 


a 


com par i son 


vin die tive ly 


- 


re venge ful ly 


a nal o gy 


- 


re sem blance 


de lib er ate 


to 


con sid er 


dis crim in ate 


to 


dis tin guisk 


2 

ac eel er ate 


to 


ex pe dite 


am bas sa dor 


a 


min is ter 


be nev o lence 


- 


char i ty 


ex ten u ate 


to 


pal i ate 


in vid i ous 


- 


en vi ous 


i tin er ant 


- 


trav el ling 


pro gen i tor 

SECT 


- 


an ces tor 
XXIX. 


HON 


Words of four syli 
Ad van ta geous 


'ablest 


accented on the third. 




con tri bu tion 


ap pli ca tion 




con ver sa tion 


ap pro ba tion 




cor po ra tion 


eel e bra tion 




cul ti va tion 


com pen sa tion 




dis a gree ment 


com pi la tion 




en ter tarn ment 


con dem na tion 




es ti ma tion 


con fla gra tion 




ex pi ra tion 


con sti tu tion 




ex pla na tion 



72 THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


1 

in dig na tion 


1 

sup pli ca tion 


in no va tion 


trib u la tion 


in sti tu tion 


2 


med i ta tion 


ap pre hen sion 


mod er a tion 


com pre hen sion 


nav i ga tion 


com pre hen sive 


oc cu pa tion 


con de seen sion 


per se cu tion 


con tra, die tion 


pop u la tion 


dis ad van tage 


pres er va tion 


in con sis tent 


pros e cu tion 


in ter rup tion 


pub li ca tion 


om ni pres ence 


rec re a tion 


om ni pres ent 


rev o lu tion 


res ur rec tion 


su per vi sor 


sat is fac tion 


In the remaining part of this section, the words are synonymous. 


I 

al le ga tion 


JL 

af fir ma tion 


de por ta tion 


trans por ta tion 


de vas ta tion 


des o la tion 


dec o ra tion 


2 

em bel lish ment 


in cli na tion 


pro pen si ty 
as ton ish ment 

2 

rec ol lee tion 


con ster na tion 

2 

rem i nis cence 


ac ci den tal 


l 
for tu i tous 

2 

a ban don ment 


de re lie tion 


con va les cent 

i 
dim i nu tion 


8 

re cov er ing 

2 

les sen ing 


hab i ta tion a 


res i dence 






THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



73 



SECTION XXX. 

Words of four syllables, accented on the fourth. 



Char i ot eer 
el e cam pane 

su per in duce 

2 
an te pe nult 
fan far o Ifede 
mis ap pre hend 



mis rep re hend 
mis rep re sent 
mis un der stand 
mul ti pli cand 
su per in tend 

ou 

su per a bound 



SECTION XXXI. 




The Monkeys. 

Here is a picture of some monkeys, imitating 
the actions of men. One of them is drinking 
from a wine-glass ; another is eating apples ; and 
the other, while his master is absent, is trying to 
shave himself. 

There is no other animal that looks so much 
like man, nor that tries so much to imitate his 
actions. They are found in warm countries, and 
are very active, and full of mischief. 

There is a great variety of monkeys ; and their 
size varies from twelve inches to four feet in 



74 



1 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



length. In their wild state, they inhabit the 
woods, and feed on fruit and nuts. 

The Monkey turned Painter* 




He handles his brush, and he looks very keen, 
A more comical painter sure never was seen. 

Monkeys are very playful animals ; there is no 
end to their tricks : they are so full of mischief, 
that if they were not secured, they would do a 
greal deal of injury. 

A painter once had a monkey that was so full 
of mischief, that he was always kept chained : 
but he could see his master at work, and he s ii( 
to himself, if I were at liberty, I would paint too. 

Soon after, his chain got broken : now, says 
he, I will turn painter ; so he took up the palette 
and pencil, as his master used to do, and began 
to work. 

The painter came in when the monkey was 
very busy. This is pretty work, says the paint- 
er; but I will teach you better manners; so he fast- 
ened his chain again, and flogged him severely. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



75 



There are many little boys, who like monkeys, 
are always full of mischief. They are so mis- 
chievous, that we sometimes have to flog them, 
as this man did his monkey. 



SECTION XXXII. 




TEA PLANT, SUGAR CANE, COFFEE PLANT. 

Tea is the dried leaves of a plant or shrub, 
which grows chiefly in China. The only valua- 
ble part of it, is the leaves, which are of a dark 
green colour. 

They are gathered, and dried ; then put into 
boxes, and sent to different parts of the world to 
be used. The wood of the tea plant is hard, and 
of a whitish green colour. Its flowers resemble 
those of the white wild rose. 

Coffee grows in the centre of a kind of fruit 
like a cherry, of a deep red colour. The tree 
or bush that bears it, grows only in warm 
countries. 

The fruit is gathered, and spread on mats to 
dry; and then bruised with rollers, to force out 
the seed : this divides them into two parts. It 



76 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



is afterwards replaced on the mats, and when 
dry, is fit for use. 

Sugar is made from a kind of reed called 
sugar-cane, which grows in warm countries. It 
grows from four to twelve feet high. The stalks 
are carried to a mill, where they, are ground or 
broken, and the sweet juice pressed out. This 
juice is boiled, to make sugar and molasses. 

White or loaf sugar is made of brown sugar, 
by refining it. Sugar is sometimes made from 
the sap of maple trees. 

Salt is made of sea-water, and from springs of 
salt water, by boiling it, or by exposure to the 
sun. That which is called rock-salt, is dug out 
of the earth, from salt mines. 

Pepper is the fruit or seed of a plant resem- 
bling the grape vine, which grows in the East 
Indies. 

Allspice or pimento, grows upon a tree found 
in many parts of the island of Jamaica. 

Ginger is the root of a plant, which grows in 
the East and West Indies. 

Cinnamon is the bark of a small tree, which 
grows in the East Indies. After it is stripped 
from the tree, and dried, it is fit for use. 

Oranges and Lemons, grow like apples, on 
small trees. The trees that bear them, grow in 
warm countries. 

Nutmegs are the fruit of a tree which grows 
in the East Indies. Cloves are the flowers of a 
plant which grows in the same place. 

Figs are the fruit of a tree which grows in 
warm climates. Almonds are a kind of nut. 
Raisins are dried grapes. j 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



77 



SECTION 

Words of Jive syllables, 
i 
Ab ste mi ous ness 
ac cu mu la tor 
ceil so ri ous ness 
com mu ni ca tive 
bar mo ni ous ly 
in nu mer a b\e 
in va ri a b\e 
in vi o la ble 
la bo ri ous ly 
ma te ri al ly 
mys te ri ous ly 
un rea son a ble 

ca lum ni a tor 
com mem o ra tive 

com par a tive ly 
con fed er a cy 
con sid er a b\e 
con tin u al ly 
co tem po ra ry 
de clam a to ry 
de gen er a cy 
de lib er ate ly 
de lib er ate ness 
ef fern i na cy 
ex clam a to ry 
ex trav a gant ly 
im pen e tra ble 
im prac ti ca b\e 
in def i nite ly 

7~ 



XXXIII. 

accented on the second. 



in dif fer ent ly 
in dis so lu b\e 
in dus tri ous ly 
in es ti ma ble 
in ev i ta ble 
in flam ma to ry 
in hab it a ble 
in quis i tive ness 
in suf fer a ble 
in tel li gi ble 
in tem per ate ly 
in val u a ble 
in vet er a cy 
in vul ner a ble 
mag nif i cent ly 

mi rac u lous ly 
par tic u lar ly 
un char i ta ble 
un fash zon a ble 
un mer ci ful ly 
vo cab u la ry 

5 

con sol a to ry 
de rog a to ry 
de pos i to ry 
in cor ri gi ble 
in hos pi ta ble 
in tol er a ble 
in vol un ta ry 
prog nos ti ca tor 



78 THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


SECTION 


XXXIV. 


Words of Jive syllables, 

l 
Am bi gu i ty 


accented on the third. 

2 

di a met ri cal 


cer e mo ni ous 


du ra bil i ty 


dis a gree a ble 


em blem at i cal 


ex com mu ni cate 


ep i dem i cal 


im ma te ri al 


gen e al o gy 


im pro pri e ty 


gen er al i ty 


in ge nu i ty 


hos pi tal i ty 


in stan ta ne ous 


im mor tal i ty 


mat ri mo ni al 


im per cept i b\e 


mer i to ri ous 


in ar tic u late 


i mis eel la ne ous 


in con sid er ate 


no to ri e ty 


in cor rupt i ble 


op por tu ni ty 


in fi del i ty 


per spi cu i ty 


in sig nif i cance 


pres by te ri an 


in sig nif i cant 


sub ter ra ne ous 


in sin cer i ty 


su per flu i ty 


in tro due to ry 


tes ti mo ni al 


lib er al i ty 


2 


mag na nim i ty 
met a phys i cal 
per pen die u lar 


ac a dem i cal 


al pha bet i cal 


an ni ver sa ry 
com pre hen si ble 
con tra die to ry 


pop u lar i ty 
pos si bil i ty 

5 


prob a bil i ty 


an i mos i ty 


prod i gal i ty 


ar is toe ra cy 


reg u lar i ty 


as tro nom i cal 


rep re sent a tive 


cu ri os i ty 


sen si bil i ty 


et y mol o gy 


cred i bil i ty 


gen er os i ty 


dem o crat i cal 

ii—, 


in ter rog a tive 



THE PICTOEIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



79 



SECTION XXXVII. 

Time. 

Now, James, we shall tell you something about 
time ; and then ask some questions upon it, to 
see if you understand what you read. 

Time is a portion of duration; as a minute, an 
hour, a day, a year. Here is a picture of 



THE WATCH, 



CLOCK, 



DIAL, AND HOUR GLASS, 




by which time is measured. Time is divided into 
seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, 
years, and centuries. 

A second of time is only as long as it takes to 
count o?ie, two. Sixty of these seconds make one 
minute. Sixty minutes make an hour. Twenty- 
four hours make a day : and seven days a week. 

Three hundred and sixty-five days make one 
year. The year contains fifty-two weeks ; or 
twelve months. The names of the twelve months, 
are January, February, March, April, May, June, 
July, August, September, October, November, 
December. One hundred years make a century. 

Time that is gone, is called past time ; that 
which is now, is called present ; and that which 
is to come is called future. The day before the 
present, is called yesterday : that which is now, 
is called to-day ; and that which is to come n,ext, 
is called to-morrow. 



80 THE PICTORTAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



The days of the week are called Sunday, Mon- 
day, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, 
Saturday. When God made the world, he divi- 
ded the days into weeks. In six days he made 
the sun, moon, and stars; the beasts, birds, and 
fish ; the herbs, plants, and trees; and all things 
that are in the world : but on the seventh day he 
rested ; and made it a day of holy rest, which 
he called the sabbath. 

An era, is time measured from a particular 
date. Time was reckoned before Christ, from 
the beginning of the world. It was four thou- 
sand and four years after the world was made, 
before the christian era commenced. The chris- 
tian era commenced at the birth of Christ; which 
was one thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine 
years ago. 

Our time began a few years ago, and will end 
when cur bodies die. When our bodies die, we 
shall live in eternity. Time has a beginning, 
and will have an end : eternity is without begin- 
ning, and without end. We live in time, but 
God lives in eternity. 

Questions upon the preceding Section. 

What is time ? How is time measured 1 How is time divided ! 
What is a second of time ? How many seconds are there in a minute 1 
How many minutes in an hour ? How many hours in a day 1 How 
many days m a week ? What are they called 1 How many days are 
there in a year ? How many weeks in a year ] How many months 
in a year 1 What are they called ? How many years make a cen- 
tury 1 What is the day before the present, called ? What is the day 
which is now, called 1 What is the day that is to come next, called 1 
When God made the world, how did he divide the days? What did 
he call the day on which he rested ? What is an era 1 From what 
date was time reckoned before Christ ? How many years after the 
world was made before the christian era commenced'? When did 
the christian era commence ? How many years since 1 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



81 



SECTION 

Words of Jive syllables, 

Ab bre vi a tion 
ac com mo da tion 
ad min is tra tion 
ad min is tra tor 
ad min is tra trix 
am pli fi ca tion 
ar tic u la tion 
clas si fi ca tion 
com mem o ra tion 
com mu ni ca tion 
con tin u a tion 
ed i fi ca tion 
e lu ci da tion 
e vac u a tion 



XXXVI. 

accented on the fourth, 
l 
for ti fi ca tion 
glo ri fi ca tion 
hu mil i a tion 
in cor po ra tion 
in ter pre ta tion 
in tox i ca tion 
in ves ti ga tion 
mod i fi ca tion 
mul ti pli ca tion 
ppe des ti na tion 
pu ri fi ca tion 
rat i fi ca tion 
re gen er a tion 
ver si fi ca tion 



SECTION 

Words of six syllables, 

Cer e mo ni ous ly 
cer e mo ni ous ness 
dis a gree a ble ness 
im ma te ri al ly 
im ma te ri al ness 
in cor po re al ly 
in dis pen sa b\e ness 
in stan ta ne ous ly 
mer i to ri ous ly 
mer i to ri ous ness 
mul ti fa ri ous ly 
mul ti fa ri ous ness 
par si mo ni ous ly 
par si mo ni ous ness 



XXXVII. 

accented on the third, 

2 

in con sid er a ble 
in con sid er ate ly 
in con sid er ate ness 
in de fat i ga ble 
in sig nif i cant ly 
par a graph i cal ly 
rec om mend a to ry 
un in hab it a ble 

5 

al le gor i cal ly 
an a torn i cal ly 
as tro nom i cal ly 
in ter rog a tive ly 
in ter rog a to ry 



82 THE PICTORIAL spelling-book. 

SECTION XXXIX. 

Words of six syllables, accented on the fourth. 

2 .2 

Ap pli ca bil i ty in vis i bil i ty 

ar is to crat i cal ma te ri al i ty 

de cep ti bil i ty pen e tra bil i ty 

de feet i bil i ty per cep ti bil i ty 

dis sat is fac to ry sem i di am e ter 

hi e ro glyph i cal su per a bun dant ly 

im mu ta bil i ty su per in tend en cy 

im pos si bil i ty sus cep ti bil l ty 
in cred i bil i ty 5 

in fal li bil i ty an te ri or i ty 

in flex i bil i ty in fe ri or i ty 

in sen si bil i ty me te o rol o gy 

in stru men tal i ty su pe ri or i ty 



SECTION XL. 

Words of seven syllables, accented on the fifth. 

2 2 

Com mu ni ca bil i ty in dis so lu bil i ty 

im ma te ri al i ty in di vid u al i ty 

im pen e tra bil i ty in di vis i bil i ty 

im prac ti ca bil i ty in ev i ta bil i ty 

in com bus ti bil i ty in im i ta bil i ty 

in com pat i bil i ty in sep a ra bil i ty 

in com pres si bil i ty in tel li gi bil i ty 

in cor rup ti bil i ty per pen die u lar i ty 



Words of eight syllables, accented on the sixth. 

2 2 

In com mens u ra bil i ty in com pre hen si bil i ty 
in com mu ni ca bil ity un in tel li gi bil i ty 



-iiiiMfnfflariWftr] nTn-n 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



53 



SECTION XLI. 

Accidents and dangerous practices of children : 
illustrated by Pictures. 

Many of the accidents of childhood, and the 
dangerous practices to which children are ex- 
posed, might be prevented by timely instruction. 

Here are some pictures which represent some 
of the improper practices, in which children fre- 
quently indulge themselves. 

And first, is a representation of a number of 
boys engaged in 

CLIMBING TREES. 





B^j^M^M 






V^^/V?. ■•# : '" 7 « 


SK! 


(IjfelrV ^fit ffMp^fllPliS 5 




wB'vl 




Sljflp 


Hrf 


^i.i»^^^^-^ 


-g^s^g^. 






/W 


— n= ? =:r ~ „—''' " ~ 


B 


ip? 


IPti^ 


lQj3 



This is a very dangerous practice ; the boughs 
often break, or they miss their hold, when down 
they fall, and often break their bones, and some- 
times their necks. 

The little boy who is falling from this tree, 
has been robbing a poor little bird of her nest. 
The limbjto which he held has broke, and he 



84 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



will get a terrible fall ; and thus get severely 
punished for his wickedness. 

His little sister who is standing near by, cries 
out, " O my poor brother ! I fear he will be 
killed by the fall." 

In the next picture, you see a little boy who 
is in great danger of being drowned, while 

BATHING. 




The other little boys are very much alarmed, 
and are trying to assist him. 

Many children are drowned every year, from 
not being sensible of the danger of water. They 
go into ponds and rivers without knowing their 
depth, and by one fatal step, they sink, never to 



rise again. 



Children should never bathe, except in baths 
made for that purpose, or when attended by 
those who can help them if necessary. 

We now come to some very bad boys, who 
are engaged in 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK, 



85 



FIGHTING AND THROWING STONES. 




Throwing stones is a very bad practice for 
children. They not only^get hurt, but sometimes 
have an eye put out, which disfigures them for life. 

See these two naughty boys engaged in fight- 
ing! O how disgraceful! I dare say, when they 
go home, their parents will punish them severely. 

These are all bad boys : their conduct is not 
only shameful, but they should be shunned by all 
good children. 

We hope, dear children, that you will never 
grieve your parents or friends by such improper 
conduct. 

Always love and obey your parents, and do 
every thing }^ou can to make them happy. Love 
your brothers and sisters, and be kind to them. 

When at school, obey your teacher. Always 
speak the truth ; and never do any thing to in- 
jure others. 

Above all, you must love your Creator, a„j 
obey his commands. He knows all your thoughts, 



r;> 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING- SOOK. 



hears all your words, and sees every thing you do- 

He takes care of the great family of all the 
earth, and upholds them by his mighty power. 

He made us, and has preserved us ever since 
we had existence. 

He 'created the world, and all things here on 
earth, for our comfort, support and happiness. 

He sees and knows all things that have been 
done, and all that ever will be done. 

People could not live, if He was not every 
where to keep them alive. 

If you wish to do that which is pleasing in the 
sight of your Creator, you must obey these in- 
structions, and avoid all improper conduct. 

In the next place we come to some careless 
little boys and girls, who are 

PLAYING WITH GUNS AND KNIVES. 




Look at this little boy with a sharp knife ! 
/bile whittling, the knife slipped and cut a gash 
in his band. See how it bleeds ! 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



97 



It is dangerous for young children to play with 
knives ; bad wounds are often the consequence. 
Children should never meddle with guns. 
Here we see a little boy shooting his sister 
dead ; an accident which has occurred for want 
of proper warning. 

No child should ever, on any account, present 
a gun or pistol at another. 

We next come to the picture of a careless 
little girl, who has been 

DRINKING FROM A HOT TEA-POT. 




One of these little girls, who can just reach 
the top of the table, has been drinking from the 
spout of a tea-pot : by which means her mouth 
and throat have been badly scalded. 

Children should beware of scalding water. 
They should never play about it in a careless 
manner ; for in so doing they are exposed to 
great danger. 

Hundreds of children have been scalded, and 
died miserable deaths in a few hours after, which 



THE PICTOEIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



a little warning, with proper care on their part, 
might have prevented. 

Here is one more picture, which represents 
some thoughtless little girls, 

PLAYING WITH FIRE AND CANDLES. 




One of them has set the bed curtains on fire 
with a candle ; and another her hair. 

A third, in lighting paper in the fire to play 
with, has set her clothes on fire. 

O what a dreadful situation these poor little 
girls are in! They are all in danger of being 
burnt to death in the most cruel manner. 

Learn from this, dear children, always to be 
careful of fire. We often hear of little girls being 
burnt to death, in the greatest agony, by their 
clothes taking fire. 

Children who wish to live long, and be happy, 
must take warning, and endeavour to shun all 
these bad practices. They must attend to the in- 
structions of their kind teachers, and the advice 
of their affectionate parents. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLIN&-BOOK. 



89 



SECTION XLII. 

In the following section, w is pronounced after h though 
written before it : thus whale, what, are pronounced hwale, 
hwat.* 



N. B.— In this, and in the 
are designated by the figures 
the sounds of the vowels. 



following sections, the accented syllables 
which are placed over them to represent 



1 


2 


l 


2 


Whale 


whim 


whee die 


whip per 


wheat 


whin 


whi ten 


whip saw 


wheeze 


whip 


white ness 


whis ker 


while 


whisk 


white wash whis key 


whilst 


whist 


whi ting 


whis per 


whine 


whit 


whi tish 


whis tie 


white 


whiz 


whi ten er 


whit tie 


why 


whur 


2 


whim si cal 


2 


3 


wher ret 


whis per er 


whelp 


wharf 


wher ry 


2 


when 


5 


whet stone where as 


whence 


what 


whif fle 


where at 


which 


9 


whim per 


where in 


whiff 


where 


whim sej 


2 


whig 


whey 


whip lash 


o ver whelm 



NIGHT. 

Now darkness shades the distant hill, 
The little birds are hid and still, 
And we a quiet sleep may take, 
For our Creator is awake. 

-iffis sweet, upon my little bed, 
To think my Saviour guards my head, 
And he a helpless child can keep, 
Through all the silent hours of sleep. 



* In pronouncing words of this class, the sound of h is sometimes 
omitted : thus, white, wheel, are pronounced wite, weel, &c. which is a 
corrupt pronunciation, and ought to be carefully avoided. 

8* 



90 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING 


-BOOK. 




SECTION XLIIL 


In the following section, g has its hard sound before 




e i and y. 




1 


2 


2 


Gear 


gim let 


for get 


geese 


giv er 


for give 


2 


giz zard 


mis give 


get 


hag gish 


l 


gift 


jag gy 


ea ger ly 


ee 


mug gy 


ea ger ness 


gild 


quag gy 


2 


gills 


rag ged 


gib ber ish 


gimp 


rig ging 


gid di ly 


give 


rig gish 


gid di ness 


l 


scrag ged 


rag ged ness 


ea ger 


scrag gy 


rug ged ly 


gew gaw 


shag ged 


rug ged ness 


ti ger 


slug gish 


scrag gi ness 




snag ged 


slug gish ness 


brag ger 


snag gy 


wag ger y 


bug gy 


sprig gy 


wag gish ness 


crag ged 


stag ger 


5 


crag gy 


swag ger 


fog gi ness 


dag ger 


wag gish 


log ger head 


1 dig ger 


3 


2 


! dreggy 


au ger 


be gin ner 


drug gist 


4 


be gin ning 


flaggy 


tar get 


for gefeful 


gib bous 


5 


for give ness 


giddy 


boggy 


2 


giggle 


foggy 


pet ti fog ger 


gig let 


hog gish 


2 


J gil der 

» 


nog gin 


for get ful ness 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



91 



In the following section, g has 
the sound of ng when it ends an 
ger, is pronounced ang-ger. 



SECTION XLIV. 

its hard sound ; and n has 
accented syllable : thus, an- 



An ger 
an gle 
an gler 
an gry 
an guish 
dan gle 
fan gle 
fin ger 
hun ger 
hun gry 
jin gle 
Ian guage 
Ian guid 



Ian guish 
lin ger 
lin guist 
man gle 
min gle 
san guine 
shin gle 
span gle 
stran gle 
tan gle 
tin gle 
wran gle 
youn gest 



Ion ger 
stron ger 
stron gest 

2 

an gli cism 
an gu lar 
sin gle ness 
sin gu lar 
sin gu lar ly 

2 

dis tin guish 
en tan gle 
ex tin guish 



SECTION XLV. 

In the following section, x, being followed by an accented 
syllable beginning with a vowel, has the sound of gz : thus, 
ex-act, is pronounced egz-act. 

2 3 1 

Ex act ex alt lux u ri ous 

ex empt ex or bi tant ux o ri ous 

ex ert ex or di urn 2 

ex ist i ex an i mate 

ex ult anx i e ty ex ec u tive 

ex act ly ex u be ranee ex ec u tor 

ex am ine ex u be rant ex em pla ry 

ex am pie lux u ri ance ex em pli fy 

ex em plar lux u ri ant 5 

ex is tence lux u ri ate ex on er ate 



92 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION XLVI. 


In the following 


section, c has the sound of sh when followed 


by io, eo, or ea, and the accent precedes : thus, gra-cious, is 


pronounced gra-shus. 


l 
au da cious ly 


1 

Gra cious 


fe ro cious 


o cean 


fu ga cious 


vo ra cious ly 


so cial 


lo qua cious 


2 


spa cious 


ra pa cious 


co er cion 


1 


sa ga cious 


pro vin cial 


a tro cious 


se qua cious 


l 


au da cious 


se ta ceous 


con tu ma cious 


ca pa cious 


te na cious 


ef fi ca cious 


ce ta ceous 


vi va cious 


in ca pa cious 


crus ta ceous vo ra cious 


per spi ca cious 


fal la cious 


a tro cious 


per ti na cious 
III. 


SECTION XIA 


In the following 


; section, c has the sound of sh when follow. 


ed by ia, ie, or io, 


and is pronounced as 


if it was joined to the 


preceding syllable 


: thus, pre-cious, spe 


-cial, are pronounced 


presh-us, spesh-al. 






2 


2 


2 


Pre cious 


ma li cious 


es pe cial ly 


spe cial 


mu s\ cian 


ma li cious ly 


vi cious 


of fi cial 


per ni cious ly 


2 


pa tri cian 


suf fi cient ly 


au spi cious 


per ni cious 


2 


ca pri cious 


phy si cian 


ar ti fi cial 


ef fi cient 


suf fi cient 


av a ri cious 


ju di cial 


sus pi cion 


ben e fi cial 


ju di cious 


de fi cien cy 


prej u di cial 


ma gi cian 


de li cious ly 


su per fi cial 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



93 



SECTION XLVIII. 




George Washington and his Little Hatchet. 

When George was about six years old, he 
was made the wealthy master of a hatchet ! of 
which, like most boys, he was immoderately fond ; 
and was constantly going about, chopping every 
thing that came in his way. 

One day in the garden, where he had often 
amused himself hacking the pea-bushes, he un- 
luckily tried the edge of his hatchet on the body 
of a beautiful young English cherry tree, which 
he so much injured, that the tree never got the 
better of it. 

The next morning, his father, finding out what 
had befallen his favourite tree, came into the 
house, and asked for the author of the mischief; 
declaring at the same time, that he would not 
have taken five guineas for the tree. 

Nobody could tell him any thing about it. 
Presently George and his little hatchet made their 



94 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



appearance. " George," said his father, " do 
you know who killed that beautiful little cherry 
tree yonder in the garden ?" 

This was a hard question ; and George stag- 
gered under it for a moment ; but quickly recov- 
ered tiimself, and looking at his father with the 
sweet face of youth, brightened with the charm 
of honesty, he bravely cried out, " I cannot tell 
a lie Pa ; you know I cannot tell a lie. I did 
it with my little hatchet." 

" Run to my arms, my dearest boy," said his 
father ; " you have paid me for my tree a thou- 
sand times ; and I hope, my son, you will always 
be hero enough to tell the truth." 



SECTION XLIX. 

Definitions of Arts and Sciences. 
A Mechanic, is a person who has the knowledge 

of some art. 
A Farmer, is a person who tills the ground to 

raise food for men and cattle. 
A Blacksmith, is one who makes things of iron. 
A Goldsmith, is one who works in gold and 

silver. 
A Cabinet Maker, is one who makes tables, 

bureaus, and other furniture. 
A Carpenter, is one who builds houses. 
A Mason, is one who lays walls, and builds 

brick or stone houses. 
A Saddler, is one who makes saddles and har- 
nesses. 
A Cooper, is one who makes barrels, tubs and 

pails. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



95 



A Glazier, is one who sets glass in windows. 

A Printer, is one who prints papers and books. 

A Bookbinder, is one who puts covers on books. 

A Barber, is one who shaves, and cuts hair. 

A Brewer, is one who makes beer. 

A Butcher, is one who kills and sells meat. 

A Baker, is one who makes bread to sell. 

A Magistrate,^ one chosen to govern the people. 

A Legislator, is one who makes laws. 

A Physician, is one who studies diseases and 

medicine. 
A Divine, is a minister of the Gospel. 



SECTION L. 

In the following section, t has the sound of sh when followed 



by ia, w, or io, preceded by the accent 
nounced par-shal. 



Pa tient 
quo tient 

2 

cap tious 
fac tious 
fie tious 
frac tious 
nup tial 

3 

cau tious 



par tial 
par tial ly 

l 
fa ce tious 
im pa tience 
im pa tient 
vex a tious 
fa ce tious ness 
im pa tient ly 
vex a tious ness 



thus, par-tial, is pro- 

2 

con ten tious 
ere den tial 
es sen tial 
in fee tious 
li cen tious 
po ten tial 
pru den tial 
sen ten tious 
sub stan tial 
li cen tioirs ness 



In the following words, (and in all other cases,) where Hon, tian, 
and tial, are immediately preceded by s or x, t has the sound of ch : 
thus, bas-tion, is pronounced, bas-chun. 

2 2 2 

Bas tion ad mix tion com bus tipn 

fus tian ce les tial di ges tion 

ques tion am bus tion sug ges tion 



96 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LI. 

In the following section, t has the sound of sh, when follow. 
ed by io ; and is pronounced as if joined to the preceding sy]. 
lable : thus, ad-di-tion, is pronounced ad-dish-un. 



Ad di tion 
am bi tion 
am bi tious 
con di tion 
con tri tion 
dis ere tion 
e di tion 
fie ti tious 
fru i tion 
pe ti tion 
par ti tion 
po si tion 



pro pi tious 
se di tion 
se di tious 
vo li tion 

2 

ab o li tion 
ad mo ni tion 
am mu ni tion 
ap po si tion 



def i ni tion 
dis po si tion 
er u di tion 
ex pe di tion 
ex po si tion 
im po si tion 
in qui si tion 
op po si tion 
prep o si tion 



com pe ti tion pro hi bi tion 
co a li tion prop o si tion 
com po si tion sup po si tion 



SECTION LIL 



In the following section, th has its first or sharp sound, as 
in think, thin. 



E ther 
faith ful 
faith less 
ze nith 
a the ism 
a the ist 
hy a cinth 
the a tre 
the o rem 
the o rist 
the o ry 



an them 
dipA thong 
health ful 
health y 
meth od 
pan ther 
sab bath 
thick ness 
thim ble 
this tie 
thrif ty 



thun der 
trip h thong 
wealth y 
ap a thy 
ep i thet 
leth ar gy 
meth o dist 
pen ny worth 
sym pa thize 
sym pa thy 
syn the sis 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 97 


3 

au thor 


i 
de throne 


2 

pa ren the sis 


thorn y 


en throne 


pa thet i cal 


thought ful 


north east 


5 


or tho dox 


south east 


au thor i ty 


5 


ca the dral 


ca thol i cism 


thros t\e 


un faith ful 


ca thol i con 


throt tie 


2 


li thog ra phy 


moth y 


here with 


li thot o my 


8 


north west 


my thol o gy 


month ly 


south west 


the oc ra cy 


thir teen 


me theg lin 


the ol o gy 


thir ty 


un thrif ty 


ther mom e ter 


thor ough 


a nath e ma 


a poth e ca ry 


worth less 


an tip a thy 


2 


cu 


au then ti cate 


a rith met i cal 


thou sand 


mis an thro py 


a the is ti cal 
[I. 


SECTION LI] 


In the following 


section, th has its second or flat sound, 




as in the, them. 




1 


2 


8 


Cloth ing 


neth er 


oth er 


ei ther 


rath er 


smoth er 


hea then 


south ern 


wor thy 


loath some 


teth er 


wor thi ly 


nei ther 


thith er 


wor thi ness 


2 

breth ren 


4 

far ther 


i 
al though 


fath om 


far thing 


be neath 


feath er 


fa ther 


be queath 


gath er 


fa ther ly 


with hold 


hith er 


8 


2 


lath er 


broth er 


them selves 


leath er 


moth er 


with stand 



98 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LIV. 

Definition of Common terms, 

Charles, we shall now explain some words and 
phrases to you, and then ask some questions 
about them, to see if you understand the mean- 
ing of them. 

Can you tell the difference between a divine 
agent, and a human agent ? God is a divine agent ; 
men are human agents. 

Some things are the works of nature, others 
the works of art. The sun, moon, and stars; 
the world, the animals, and trees, are the works 
of nature. They are called the works of nature 
because God created them, or made them grow. 

The works of art, are things made by men. 
Houses, fences, tables, chairs, shoes, and hats, 
are works of art. 

There are likewise works of instinct ; as a bird's 
nest, a spider's web, and a honey-comb. These 
are called works of instinct, because animals have 
not understanding like men, but are directed by 
instinctive principles. 

Some things are animate, others are inanimate. 
Horses, cows, dogs, and birds, are animate. They 
are called animate, because they have the sense 
of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling. 

Those things which cannot see, hear, smell, 
taste, nor feel, are called inanimate ; as stones, 
wood, and water. 

Some things have animal life, others have vege- 
table life. Mankind, beasts, insects, birds, and 
fishes, have animal life. Grass, flowers, shrubs, 
and trees, have vegetable life. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 99 



Some animals are domestic, others are wild. 
The horse, cow, sheep, dog, cat, and hen, are 
domestic animals. The bear, wolf, fox, squirrel, 
and hawk, are wild animals. 

A beast of prey, is an animal that devours other 
animals ; as a lion, leopard, panther, and tiger. 

Animals that eat flesh, such as the dog, wolf, 
and lion, are called carnivorous. 

Animals that feed on grass, such as the horse, 
cow, and sheep, are called graminivorous. 

Animals that live in flocks or herds, as sheep, 
geese, and bees, are called gregarious. 

It is said of a man who cannot see — he is blind. 

If he cannot hear — he is deaf. 

If he cannot speak — he is dumb. 

If he cannot move — he is motionless. 

If he cannot feel — he is senseless. 

Questions upon the preceding section. 

Who is a divine agent ? Who ai e human agents ? What 
things are called the works of nature ? Why do you call these 
the works of nature ? What are the works of art ? Why are 
they called the works of art ? What are the works of instinct % 
Why are they called works of instinct ? Can you name some 
things that are animate ? Why do you call them animate 1 
What things are called inanimate ? Why ? What things have 
animal life ? What have vegetable life 1 What animals are 
domestic ? What animals are wild 1 What is a beast of prey 1 
What are carnivorous animals 1 What are graminivorous ? 
What are gregarious ? What is said of a man who cannot see ? 
What, if he cannot hear ? What, if he cannot speak ? What, 
if he cannot move ? What, - if he cannot feel ? 

SELECT SENTENCES. 

Our best friends are those who tell us of our 
faults, and teach us how to correct them. 

Good or bad habits formed in youth, general- 
ly go with us through life. 



100 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION LV. 


In the following 


section, i before a vowel, has the sound of 


y ; thus, al-ien, jil-ial, are pronounced ale-yen, fil-yal. 
1 2 


Al ien 


pill ion 


com mun ion 


cowrt ier 


pin ion 


2 


seign ior 


runn ion 


ci vil ian 


pav ier 


scull ion 


com pan ion 


al ien ate 


trill ion 


con viv ial 


2 


triv ial 


fa mil iar 


bagn io 


val iant 


me dall ion 


odell ium 


brill ian cy 


mo dill ion 


bil ious 


val iant ly 


o pin ion 


bill iards 


3 


pa vil ion 


brill iant 


warr iour 


pos till ion 


cull ion 


5 


punc til ious 


filial 


coll ier 


ras call ion 


gall iard 


pon iard 


re bell ion 


mill ion 


8 


re bell ious 


min ion 


on ion 


ver mil ion 
VI. 


SECTION 1? 


In the following 


section, s and z, have the sound of zh, when 


preceded by a vo\i 


r e\ and followed by 


1, or u : thus, meas-ure, 


vis-ion, are pronounced mezh-ure, vizh 
1 ° 


■un. 


A zure 


treas ure 


ef fu sion 


bra sier 


vis ion 


en clo sure 


fu sion 


l 


e ro sion 


gla zier 


ad he sion 


e va sion 


o sier 


al lu sion 


ex clu sion 


ra sure 


com po sure 


ex plo sion 


u su ry 


con clu sion 


ex po sure 


2 


de lu sion 


in fu sion 


meas ure 


dif fu sion 


in va sion 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 101 




oc ca sion 


2 

de ris ion 


2 

cas u al ty 




per sua sion di vis ion 


vis ion a ry 




pro fu sion 


in cis ion 


l 




2 

al lis ion 


pre cis ion 
re cis ion 


oc ca sion al 
un u su al 




de cis ion 

In the following 
of sh 
1 

Sure 
sure ly 


re vis ion 


oc ca sion al ly 

ed by u, has the sound 
meed sliure. 
1 

as su ranee 

as su rer 




SECTION L\ 

section, s when follow 
; thus, sure, is pronoi 
2 

cen sur er 
is sue less 




sure ness 


sen su al 


en su ranee 




sure ty 

2 


cen su ra ble 
sen su al ist 


en su rer 
as su red ly 




cen sure 


sen su al ize 


2 




fis sure 


sen su al ly 


com pres sure 




is sue 
pres sure 
ten sure 

In the following 

1 
Chaise 


l 
as sure 
en sure 


lm pres sure 

2 

sen su al i ty 
III. 

and of sh ; thus, chaise, 
ze. 

10 

ma chin er y 




SECTION LV 

section, ch has the soi 
is pronounced sha 

cham paz^n 




2 

tren chant 

4 

char la tan 

l 
cha made 


chi cane 
chi ca ner 
chi ca ner y 

10 

cha grin 
ma chine 


i 
chan de Ker 
chev a her 
deb au chee 

10 

cap u chin 


* I 



9* 



102 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LIX. 

In the following section, h is silent when preceded by c, 
which has the sound of k. 



Ache 
chyle 
scheme 
cAa os 
cAo ral 
cho rus 
e pocA 
li lacA 
o chre 
te trarcA 

2 

cAasm 
chrism. 
an arcA 
an cAor 
christ en 
christ mas 
dis ticA 
ech o 
pas cAal 

3 

cAord 

4 

ar chives 

5 

cAol er 



mon arch 
scAol ar 

6 

scAool 

8 

stom acA 

l 
en cAa rist 
hi e rarcA 
pa Cri arc A 
hi e rar chy 

2 

an ar chy 
an cAor age 
bac cAa nals 
cat e cAise 
cat e chism 
cat e cAist 
cAam o mile 
cAar ac ter 
cArisif en dom 
cArys a lis 
cArys o lite 
mecA an ism 
micA ael mas 
sac cAa rine 

Reflection. 



sep ul cAre 
mel an cAol y 

3 

or cAes tre 

4 

ar cAe type 
ar cAi tect 
harp si cAord 

5 

cAron i cal 
cAron i cle 
mon ar cAy 

ol i gar cAy 

l 
arcA an gel 
cAi me ra 
mos cAe to 

2 

cAi mer i cal 
me cAan i cal 
cAi mer i cal ly 
me cAan i cal ly 

• 5 
cAi rog ra phy 
cAro nol o ger 
cAro nol o gy 



How pleasant it is, at the close of the day, 

No follies to have to repent ! 
But reflect on the past, and be able to say, 

My time has been properly spent. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



103 




SECTION LX. 

THE HONEY BEE. 



now 



Here, Charles, is another picture. We shall 
tell you something about the bees. Here is a represen- 
tation of a bee-hive, where they make their honey. 
Near the hive is some honey-comb ; and just above the 
comb are some bees ; the queen, the drone, and the 
common honey-bee. 

On the other side of the hive is a boy with a book in 
his hand, who is looking to see the little bees at work, 
making honey. The bee is a noble pattern of skill and 
industry, to which we are indebted for one of the most 
palatable and wholesome sweets that nature affords. 

See how active they are in going in and out the 
hive ; and this busy life never ceases during the season 
in which it is proper for them to lay in food, and to store 
their cells for winter. 

If we may believe what writers say of them, they all 
have their seperate offices and labours, as if they were 
under the strictest discipline. When the season arrives 
in which they begin to build their comb, they divide 
themselves into distinct bands for service. 



104 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



One party, like servants in a family, is wholly taken 
up in providing food for those which are employed in 
the work. Another party is engaged in flying abroad 
into the fields and gardens, to cull the sweets of flowers, 
from which they make their wax and honey. A third 
is employed in the hive, to receive what the former 
brings home, and to work it up into the different cells. 

And what is remarkable, though all are thus engaged, 
and every one so busy, yet none of them breaks in upon 
another's province, or interrupts him in his work, so -as 
to make disorder in the hive. 

One thing more we may notice concerning these little 
creatures, because we may learn from it a very useful 
lesson ; and that is their cleanliness ; for if by accident 
any thing offensive gets into their hive, they have no 
rest until it is removed. 

For this purpose, if one bee has not power to do it, 
others assist ; and if it should prove too big or too heavy 
for their united efforts to accomplish, they then contrive 
to get it into one corner, and there cover it over with 
a kind of glue, somewhat like their honey ; so that no 
smell or offence may arise from it to hurt them. 

Thus you see how the little bees improve their time : 
they labour hard to gather honey during the summer, 
and lay up a store for winter, when the herbs and flow- 
ers are dead, and the weather cold and dreary. 

And I hope, dear children, that 3^ou will employ your 
time well, like the little busy bee, and never idle away 
your hours in the streets or fields, but improve your 
time in useful study while you are young, and not neg- 
lect what will be for your good all your life-time. 

And like that busy insect, we should learn to make 
all things turn to our use, and be of service to us. 
There is nothing so small or minute but it may be made 
of use ; nothing so bad in nature but that we may draw 
from it some profit, or lesson to instruct us ; and by 
choosing the good, and turning from evil, we may pur- 
chase to ourselves peace here, and the hopes of a bright- 
er reward in a future state. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



105 



How doth the little busy bee 
Improve each shining hour, 

And gather honey all the day, 
From every opening flower ! 

How skilfully she builds her cell ! 

How neat she spreads the wax ! 
And labours hard to store it well, 

With the sweet food she makes. 

In works of labour, or of skill, 

I would be busy too ; 
For Satan finds some mischief still, 

For idle hands to do. 

In books, or work, or healthful play, 
Let my first years be past; 

That I may give for every day 
Some good account at last. 



SECTION LXI. 

Description of various causes of Death. 

Death is ceasing to live. Some of the things which 
occasion death, are sickness, fire, water, smoke, cold, 
hunger, intemperance, passion, and violence, 

When death is occasioned by sickness, it is called a 
natural death. 

When by fire, it is called burning. 

When by water, it is called drowning. 

When by the heat of liquids, it is called scalding. 

When by bad air or smoke, it is called suffocating. 

When by cold, it is called freezing. 

When by hunger, it is called starving. 

When one is killed by another without design, it is 
called manslaughter. 

When by violence, it is called murder. 

There are several kinds of murder ; when one is mur- 
dered by his own child, it is called parricide. 

When by a brother, it is called fratricide. 



J06 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



When an infant is murdered, it is called infanticide. 
When a king is murdered, it is called regicide. 
When one kills himself, it is called suicide. 

Questions on the preceding Section, 

What is death? What are some of the things which occasion 
death ! When death is occasioned by sickness, what is it called 1 
When by fire, what 1 When by water, what 1 When by heat of 
liquids, what? When by bad air or smoke, what 1 When by cold, 
what 1 When by hunger, what 1 When one is killed by another, 
without design, what is it called 1 When by violence, what 1 When 
one is murdered by his own child, what is it called 1 When by a broth- 
er, what 1 When an infant is murdered, what is it called 1 When a 
king, what 1 When one kills himself, what is it called 1 



SECTION LXII. 

Words in which g and c are soft, like j and s, at the end 
of accented syllables ; or, in which the accented syllables end 
with a short vowel, followed by g and c soft. Thus, frig-id, 
ac-id, or fri-gid, a-cid, are pronounced, frij-id, as-id. 

Teachers differ in opinion as to the best method of dividing this 
class of words : some wish to have the accented syllables end with g 
and c according to the division under the first example ; others wish 
to have the accented syllables terminate with a short vowel, accord- 
ing to the division under the second example. The words are there- 
fore divided both ways ; the orthography and pronunciation being the 
same, that each one may have the privilege of teaching according to 
his own notions of division. 



2 

Dig it 

frag ile 
frig id 
leg er 
pag eant 
pig eon 
rig id 
vig il 
ag i tate 
flag e let 



EXAMPLE I. 

2 

leg i ble 
leg is late 
mag i cal 
mag is trate 
pag eant ry 
reg i cide 
reg i men 
reg i ment 
reg is ter 
trag e dy 



veg e tate 
vig il ance 
vig il ant 

2 

re lig ion 
re lig ious 
pro dig ious 
o rig i nal 

2 

ac id 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



107 



plac id 
tac it 
ac id ness 
dec i mal 
lac er ate 
mac er ate 
pac i fy 
prec e dent 
prec i pice 
rec i pe 
spec i men 
nee es sa ry 

5 

doc ile 

2 

Di git 

fra gile 
fri gid 
le ger 
pa geant 
pi geon 
ri gid 
vi gil 
a gi tate 
fla ge let 
le gi ble 
le gis late 
ma gi cal 
ma gis trate 
pa geant ry 
re gi cide 
re gi men 



proc ess 

2 

e lie it 
ex plic it 
il lie it 
im plic it « 
ca pac i tate 
ca pac i ty 
du plic i ty 
fe lie i ty 
lo quae i ty 
men dac i ty 
ra pac i ty 
rus tic i ty 

EXAMPLE II, 

2 

re gi ment 
re gis ter 
tra ge dy 
ve ge tate 
vi gil ance 
vi gil ant 

2 

re li gzon 
re li gio us 
pro di gious 
o ri gi nal 

2 

a cid 
pla cid 
ta cit 
a cid ness 
de ci mal 



sa gac i ty 
sim plic i ty 
ve rac i ty 
vi vac i ty 

5 

a troc i ty 
fe roc i ty 
ve loc i ty 

2 

au then tic i ty 
du o dec i mo 
ec cen trie i ty 
e las tic i ty 
e lee trie i ty 



la cer ate 
ma cer ate 
pa ci fy 
pre ce dent 
pre ci pice 
re ci pe 
spe ci men 
ne ces sa ry 

5 

do cile 
pro cess 

2 

e li cit 
ex pli cit 
il li cit 
im pli cit 
ca pa ci tate 



108 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



ca pa ci ty 
du pli ci ty 
fe li ci ty 
lo qua ci ty 
men da ci ty 
ra pa ci ty 
rus ti ci ty 



sa ga ci ty 
sim pli ci ty 
ve ra ci ty 
vi va ci ty 

5 

a tro ci ty 
fe ro ci ty 



ve lo ci ty 

2 

au then ti ci ty 
du o de ci mo 
ec cen tri ci ty 
e las ti ci ty 
e lee tri ci ty 



SECTION LXIII. 

In the following words, ti and ci have the sound of she when 
followed by a vowel and the accent precedes : thus, s&'-ti-ate, 
gla'-ci-ate, are pronounced, sa' -she-ate, gla' -she-ate. 
1 1>1 

Sa ti ate ap pre ci a ting in sa ti able ness 

gla ci ate as so ci a ting 2 

i con so ci a ting an nun ci ate 

ap pre ci ate dis so ci a ting e nun ci ate 

as so ci ate e ma ci a ting li cen ti ate 

con so ci ate ex pa ti a ting sub stan ti ate 

ex pa ti ate in gra ti a ting an nun ci a ting 

dis so ci ate ne go ti a ting e nun ci a ting 

in sa ti ate fi du ci a ry e nun ci a tive 

e ma ci ate in sa ti a ble sub stan ti a ting 

in gra ti ate in sa ti a bly i 

ne go ti ate ne go ti a tor brag ga do ci o 

In the following words, ti has the sound of she when follow- 
ed by a vowel ; and the preceding syllable is pronounced as 
if it ended with sh : thus vi'-ti-ate, is pronounced, vish'-e-ate. 
2 

Vi ti ate 
vi ti a ting 
vi ti a ted 

2 

in i ti ate 



2 2 

no vi ti ate pro pi ti a to ry 

pro pi ti ate i 

pro pi ti a ting vi ti a tion 
pro pi ti a ted i 

pro pi ti a tor in i ti a tion 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



109 



SECTION LXIV. 

In the following words, u, when preceded by an accented 
syllable, has the sound of yu. 

The pronunciation of this class of words, is not uniformly settled. 
That formerly adopted, to a great extent, was to pronounce them as 
if written na-ter, nat-er-al : a more common enunciation at present, is 
that of na'-tshure, natsh'-u-ral : but the true pronunciation, seems to be 
that of giving all the letters their proper sound ; as if written nate'- 
yure, nat '-yu-ral. This pronunciation has been sanctioned by several 
lexicographers, and is now adopted by many of our best speakers. It 
is by far the most elegant, and analogical. The u in these words is 
not sounded as long, or as short, as when under the accent ; the true 
pronunciation seems to lie between both ; which may be termed the 
unaccented long «,* 

1 3 2 



Great ure 
feat ure 
nat ure 

2 

capt ure 
cult ure 
fist ure 

gest ure 
mixt ure 
nurt ure 
past ure 
pict ure 
rapt ure 
rupt ure 
script ure 
stat ue 
stat ure 
stat ute 
struct ure 
vent ure 
vest ure 
vult ure 



fort une 
tort ure 

2 

act u al 
act u ate 
cent u ry 
nat u ral 
pet u lance 
pet u lant 
rapt ur ous 
script u ral 
vent ur ous 
act u al ly 
nat u ral ist 
nat u ral ize 
nat u ral ly 
stat u a ry 
sumpt u a ry 
tit u la ry 

3 

fort u nate 
fort u nate ly 



ad vent ure 
en rapt ure 
in dent ure 
ac cent u ate 
ad vent ur er 
ad vent ur ous 
con grat u late 
con stit u ent 
ef feet u al 
ha bit u al 
im pet u ous 
in fat u ate 
per pet u al 
per pet u ate 
tu mult u ous 
un nat u ral 
vo lupt u ous 
ef feet u al ly 
ha bit u al ly 
per pet u al ly 

2 

re ca pit u late 

they 



* In teaching this section, if any wish to give t thesound of 
can adopt this pronunciation without any inconvenience. 



110 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXV. 

Words ending in ic or ick. 

The orthography of this class of words is not entirely settled. In 
words of one syllable, when this termination is preceded by i, and in 
all words when preceded by any other vowel, the k is almost uniform- 
ly annexed : but in words of more than one syllable, when this termi- 
nation is preceded by i, the most common practice is to omit the k. 
The dictionaries mostly used at present, which are those of Dr. Web- 
ster and Mr. Walker, disagree in this termination ; as will be seen 
by the following words.* 

Webster. 
2 

do mes tic 
dra mat ic 



Webster. 
1 

Cu bic 



mu 6ic 

2 

crit ic 
mys tic 



Walker. 
1 

cu bick 
mu .sick 

2 

crit ick 
mys tick 



phihis ic phihis ick 
rus tic rus tick 



5 

com ic 
op tic 
top ic 



com ick 
op tick 
top ick 



bo tan ic bo tan ick 



em pir ic 
fa nat ic 
fo ren sic 
in trin sic 



Walker. 
2 

do mes tick 
dra mat ick 
em pir ick 
fa nat ick 
fo ren sick 
in trin sick 



mag net ic mag net ick 
ma jes tic ma jes tick 
or gan ic or gan ick 
pa cif ic pa cif ick 
pro lif ic pro lif ick 
pro phet ic pro phet ick 



Words ending in or, or our. 
The number of words in the language, with this termination, is 
about three hundred. These, with the exception of about forty or 
fifty, are uniformly written without the u; as author, actor, doctor, 
major, sailor, tailor, tutor, &c. In the following list, the most common 
practice of our best writers, is, to retain the u; although some exclude 
it altogether. 

Webster. Walker. 

1 1 

fa vor h\i mour 

fla vor la bour 



Walker. 

1 

Fa vour 
fla vour 



Webster. 
1 

hu mor 
la bor 



* The final k has been retained in the dictionaries of Johnson, Sheri- 
dan, Walker, Jones, and Jameson : but it has been omitted in the dic- 
tionaries ol Martin, Ash, Fenning, Entick, Browne, Barclay, Dyche, 
(17th edition) Scott, Perry, Buchanan, Macredie, Webster, Maunder, 
and Worcester. 



1 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK 


in 


Walker. 


Webster. Walker. 


Webster. 


1 


1 2 


2 


o dour 


o dor 


val our 


val or 


ru mour 


ru mor 


vig our 


vig or 


sa vour 


sa vor 


4 


4 


sav iour* 


sav ior* 


ar bour 


ar bor 


tu mour 


tu mor 


ar dour 


ar dor 






ar mour 


ar mor 


va pour 

1 2 


va por 

2 


har bour 


har bor 


1 can dour 


can dor 


par lour 


par lor 


clam our 


clam or 


5 

Aon our 


5 

Aon or 


rig our 


rig or 


8 


8 


splen doui 


r splen dor 


col our 


col or 


SECTION LXVI. 


Difficult an 


d irregular words, which do not belong to the 


preceding sections*; with the pronunciation opposite each word. 


Written. 


Pronounced. Written. 
i 


Pronounced. 
2 
flam boze 


Ewe 


yu 


flam beaux 




2 


hie cough 


hik kup 


been 


bin 


neph ew 


nev vu 


once 


wuns 


pret ty 


prit ty 


one 


wun 


saf fron 


saf furn 


says 


sez 




6 




6 


cou rier 


koo reer 


rouge 


roozh 




1 


sous 


soo 


main tain 


men tane 




1 


suf flee 


suf fize 


a pron 


a purn 




2 


haut boy 


ho boy 


a gain 


a gen 


i ron 


i urn 


a gainst 


a genst 


i sland 


i land 


dis cern 


diz zern 


puis ne 


pu ne 




2 


vis count 


vi kount 


and i ron 


and i urn 




2 


grid i ron 


grid i urn 


anx ious 


angk shus 


hal cy on 


hal she un 


breech es 


brich iz 


sac ri fice 


sak kre fize 


busi ness 


biz nes 




3 


colo nel 


kur nel 


nau se ate 


naw she ate 


christ ian 


krist yun 




2 


eng lisli 


ing glish 


dis cern ment 


diz zern ment 


flam beau 


flam bo 


port man teau 


port man to 




* i like y 


- 



112 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK, 



SECTION LXVIL 
Evening. 
The day declines ; the sinking sun 

Hastes down the redd'ning skies ; 
The hills receive his last shot ray, 
Then hide him from our eyes. 

And now still night her empire spreads 

In silence far and near ; 
No sound is heard, except the breeze, 

That lulls the list'ning ear. 

The sparkling stars in order rise, 
And spread the vast profound ; 

The moon next shows her silver face, 
And lightens all around. 

While thus I view these pleasing scenes, 
Which strike my ravished sight, 

O may I not forgetful be, 
Of him who made the night. 



SECTION LXVIIL 
Morning. 

The morning dawns ; the rising sun 

Strews blushes o'er the sky ; 
Men to their several callings run, 

To their's all creatures hie. 

The lark with her enliv'ning note, 

Soars upward, as she sings ; 
The warbling goldfinch swells his throat, 

And spreads his gaudy wings. 

The gen'rous cow her treasure yields, 

The milk-maid's pail to fill ; 
The lab'ring horse stalks to the fields, 

The fruitful earth to till. 

In every landscape there is seen, 

Divine, creative power ; 
Else what could clothe the fields with green, 

Or form the od'rous flower ? 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



113 



, 



SECTION LXIX. 

Creative Power. 

God made the sun, and gave him light ; 
He made the moon to shine by night ; 
He placed the brilliant stars on high. 
And leads them through the midnight sky. 

He made the earth in order stand, 
He made the ocean and the land ; 
He made the hills their places know, 
And gentle rivers round them flow. 

He made the forest, and sustains 
The grass that clothes the fields and plains ; 
He sends from heaven the summer showers, 
And makes the meadows bright with flowers. 

He called all beings into birth 
That crowd the ocean, air, and earth ; 
And all in Heaven and earth proclaim 
The glory of his holy name. 



SECTION LXX. 

Goodness of the Creator. 

God warmed with life our mortal parts, 
He made the blood flow round our hearts ; 
He made our pulse beat calm and still, 
Our limbs move lightly at our will. 

He made the eye that gazes round ; 
The ear, alive to every sound; 
The tongue, to make our wishes known ; 
The soul, an image of his own. 

In early youth he made us know 
The way in which our feet should go ; 
He gave us precepts, plain and few, 
For all good deeds that we should do. 

A thousand joys our God hath given, 
Our peace on earth, our hopes of Heaven ; 
And all our souls .shall join to raise 
An offering of immortal praise. 

10* ^^ 



114 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXI. 
Reasons far not using Ardent Spirits. 

1. Because it forms habits of intemperance; which 
produces poverty, and is an inlet to almost every vice that 
can be named. 

2. Because it gives a man red eyes, a bloated face, and 
an empty purse. 

3. Because it poisons the blood, and destroys the organs 
of digestion. 

4. Because it shortens more lives than famine, pesti- 
lence, and the sword. 

5. Because it corrupts both body and mind, and brings 
down man to a level with the brute. 

6. Because it destroys the purest principles of morali- 
ty ; the noblest sentiments of honour, and the finest feel- 
ings of humanity. 



The Ten Commandments, versified, 

1 . Thou slialt have no more Gods than me. 

2. Before no idol how thy knee. 

3. Take not the name of God in vain ; 

4. If or dare the sabbath-day profane. 

5. Give both thy parents honour due. 

6. Take heed that thou no murder do. 

7. Abstain from words and deeds unclean $■ 

8. Nor steal,thougl| thou art poor and mean. 

9. Nor make a wilful lie, nor love it : 

1 0. What is thy neighbour's do not covet. 



OUR SAVIOUR'S GOLDEN RULE. 

<yO0 yoa to otnew -Kind and tzae ; 
ijfo4 uow'a nave otneij- v-e to uoa: 
tJbna ne&6ne% ao noz> &au to men, 
fyc/nate'et woa woaia not ta/ie aaam, 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



115 



SECTION LXXII. 




FABLE* I. 
The Wolf in disguise, 

A Wolf, by frequent visits to a flock of sheep, began 
to be extremely well known to them : he' therefore 
thought it expedient, for the more successfully carrying 
on his depredations, to appear in a new character. 

To this end he disguised himself in a shepherd's 
dress ; and resting his fore feet upon a stick, which 
served him by way of a crook, he softly made his ap- 
proach towards the fold. 

It happened that the shepherd and his dog were both 
extended on the grass, asleep ; so that he would certain- 
ly have succeeded in his project, had he not imprudently 
attempted to imitate the shepherd's voice. 

The horrid noise awakened them both ; when the 
wolf, encumbered with his disguise, and finding it im- 
possible to resist or flee, yielded up his life an easy prey 
to the shepherd's dog. 

MORAL. 

There would be but little chance of detecting hypocrisy, were it 
not always addicted to overact its part 

* Fables are fictions or feigned stories ; designed to amuse, and at the same 
time to enforce moral instruction. 



116 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



FABLE II. 




The Fox and the Raven. 

A fox observing a raven perched on the branch of a 
tree, with a fine piece of cheese in her mouth, immedi- 
ately began to consider how he might possess so deli- 
cious a morsel. 

"Dear madam," said he, "I am extremely glad to 
have the pleasure of seeing you this morning ; your 
beautiful shape and shining feathers are the delight of 
my eyes." 

" Would you condescend to favour me with a song ?• 
I doubt not but you voice is equal to the rest of your 
accomplishments." 

Deluded with this flattering speech, the transported 
raven opened her mouth in order to give him a specimen 
of her pipe, when down dropped the cheese, w T hich the 
fox instantly snatched up, and bore away in triumph ; 
leaving the raven to lament her credulous vanity at her 
leisure. 

MORAL* 

Wherever flattery gains admission, it seems to banish 
common sense. 
* Moral, is the meaning or instruction inculcated by a fable. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



117 



FABLE III. 




The Monkey and the Cats, 

Two cats having stolen some cheese, could not agree 
how to divide the prize. In order to settle the dispute, 
they at last consented to refer the case to a monkey ; 
who took upon himself the office of judge : and holding a 
pair of scales, put a part into each scale. 

"Let me see," said he, "this lump outweighs the 
other ;" so he immediately bit off a considerable piece, 
in order, as he said, to make them both equal. 

The opposite scale had now become the heaviest, 
which afforded the conscientious judge an additional rea- 
son for a second mouthful, 

" Hold, hold," said the cats, who began to fear the issue, 
"give us our respective shares, and we shall be satisfied." 
" If you are satisfied," said the monkey, " justice is not ; 
a case of this nature is by no means so soon determined." 

The poor cats seeing their cheese so much diminished, 
entreated him to give himself no more trouble, but deliv- 
er to them what remained. 

" Not so fast, friends," said the monkey ; " we owe jus- 
j tice to the court as well as to you : what remains is due 



118 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



to me in right of my office :" upon which he crammed the 
whole into his mouth, and gravelv dismissed the court. 
MORAL." 
The scales of the law are seldom poised, till little or 
nothing remafts in either. 

FABLE IV. 




The Farmer and the Snake, 

An honest farmer observing a snake lying under* a 
hedge, almost frozen to death, was moved with compas- 
sion ; and bringing it home, he laid it upon the hearth, 
near the fire. 

Thus warmed and cherished, the snake shortly began 
to revive: but no sooner had he recovered strength enough 
to do mischief, than he sprang upon the farmer's wife, bit 
one of his children, and in short, threw the whole family 
into confusion and terror. 

" Ungrateful wretch !" said the man ; " thou hast suffi- 
ciently taught me how ill-judged it is to confer benefits 
on the worthless and undeserving." So saying, he im- 
mediately snatched up a hatchet, and cut the snake in 
pieces. 

MORAL. 

To confer power upon the mischievous, or favours on 
the undeserving, is a misapplication of our benevolence. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



119 



FABLE V. 




The Wolf and the Crane. 

A wolf with too much greediness, swallowed a bone ; 
which unfortunately stuck in his throat. In the violence 
of his pain, he applied to several animals,earnestly entrea- 
ting them to extract it. 

None of them dared hazard the dangerous experiment, 
except the crane ; who, persuaded by his solemn pro- 
mises of a compensation, ventured to thrust her enormous 
length of neck down his throat ; and having succesfully 
performed the operation, claimed the recompense. 

"See how unreasonable some creatures are," said the 
wolf ; " have I not suffered thee safely to draw thy neck 
out of my jaws, and hast thou the conscience to demand 
a further reward ?" - 

MORAL. 

The utmost extent of some men's gratitude, is barely 
to refrain from oppressing and injuring their benefactors. 



FABLE VI. 
The Eagle and the Crow. 
An eagle, from the top of a high mountain, pounced 
upon a lamb, and bore it away to her young.* A crow 



120 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



observing what passed, was ambitious of performing the 
same exploit ; and darting from her nest, fixed her talons 
in the fleece of another lamb. 

But neither able to move her prey, nor to disentangl ,• 
her feet, she was taken up by the shepherd, and carried 
home to his children for a plaything, who eagerly inquir- 
ed what bird it was ? 

An hour ago, said the father, she fancied herself an 
eagle : however, by this time, 1 suppose she is convin- 
ced of being only a crow. 

MORAL. 

A false estimate of our abilities, exposes us to ridicule 
and sometimes to danger. 



FABLE VII. 




The Farmer and his three Enemies. 

A wolf, a fox, and a rabbit, happened one evening to be fora- 
ging in different parts of a farmer's yard. Their first at- 
tempt was very successful, and they returned to their several 
quarters in safety. 

However, they were perceived by the farmer's watchful 
eye ; who immediately placed several kinds of snares, and 
made each his prisoner in the next attempt. 




He first took the rabbit to task ; who confessed she had 
eaten a few turnip-tops, merely to satisfy her hunger ; and be- 
sought him piteously to spare her life, promising never to en- 
ter his grounds again. 

o p 

He next examined the fox ; who in a fawning obsequious 
tone, protested that he came into his premises through no other 
motive than pure good will, to restrain the rabbits and other 
vermin from the plunder of his corn. 

And he further added, that whatever evil tongues might say, 
he had too much regard both for him and for justice, to be in 
the least guilty of any dishonest action. 

He then, lastly, examined the wolf; asking what business 
brought him within the purlieus of a farmer's yard? The wolf 
very impudently declared, it was with the view of destroying 
his lambs, to which he had an undoubted right. 

The farmer, he said, was the onl; /elon, who robbed the 
community of wolves of what was meant to be their proper 
food : that this, at least, was his opinion ; and whatever fate 
attended him, he should not scruple to risk his life in the pur- 
suit of his lawful prey. 

The farmer having heard their pleas, determined the cause 
in the following manner : the rabbit, said he, deserves compas- 
sion for the penitence she shows, and the humble confession 
she has made. 

As for the fox and wolf, let them be hanged together : cri- 
minals alike with respect to their crimes, they have alike 
heightened their equal guilt, by the aggravations of hypocri- 
sy and impudence. 

MORAL. 

Humility extenuates a crime, of which hypocrisy and im- 
pudence are equal aggravations. 



FABLE VIII. 
The Wolf and the Shepherds. 
A wolf, peeping into a hut, where a company of shep- 
herds were regaling themselves with a joint of mutton, 
— "bless me," said he, " what a clamour these men would 
have raised if they had catched me at such a banquet." 
MORAL. 
We often censure that conduct in others, which we 
practice ourselves without scruple. 

— =^— ma— m i « i imh — is— n i m i i— ma—gala 
11 



122 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


SECTION LXX1I1. 


The following section is composed of words, in which two or more 


words have the same sound, but 


are different in spelling and signifi- 


cation. 




Ail, a disease. 


Break, to part by force. 


Ale, a kind of beer. 


Bread, food. 


Air, an element. 


Bred, brought up. 


Heir, to an estate. 


Buy, to purchase. 


All, every one. 


By, a particle. 


Awl, an instrument. 


But, except. 


Al' tar, for sacrifice. 


Butt, a vessel. 


Al' ter, to change. 


Call, to cry out. 


As cent', steepness, [ing. 


Caul, of the bowels. 


As sent', the act of agree- 


Ceil' ing, the inner roof. 


Bail, a surety. 


Seal' ing, setting of a seal. 


Bale, a pack of goods. 


Cell, a hut. 


Ball, a round substance. 


Sell, to dispose of. 


Bawl, to cry aloud. 


Cei' lar, the lowest room. 


Bare, naked. 


Sel' ler, one who sells. 


Bear, a beast ; to suffer. 


Cere, to wax over. 


Base, mean, vile. 


Sear, to burn. 


Bass, a part in music. 


Seer, a prophet. 


Be, to exist. 


Cent, a copper coin. 


Bee, an insect. 


Scent, smell. 


Beach, the shore. 


Sent, did send. 


Beech, a kind of tree. 


Col lar, for the neck. 


Beat, to strike. 


C/iol er, anger, rage. 


Beet, a root. 


Cite, to summon. 


Beer, a liquor. [dead. 


Site, situation. 


Bier, a carriage for the 


SioVit, the sense of seeing. 


Bell, a sounding vessel. 


Clause, a sentence. 


Belle, a gay young lady. 


Claws, the feet of birds. 


Ber ry, a small fruit. 


Climp, to ascend. 


Bur y, to inter the dead. 


Clime, climate, region. 


Blew, did blow. 


Close, to shut up. 


Blue, a kind of colour. 


Clothes, garments. 


Bow, to shoot with. 


Coarse, not fine. 


Beau, a gay fellow. 


Course, direction. 


Bough, a branch. 


Cof fer, a chest for money. 


Bow, an act of civility. 


Cough' er, one who coughs. 


Brake, a kind of plant. 


Core, the inner part. 



1 

THE PICTORIAI 


SPELLING-BOOK. 123 


Corps, a body of soldiers. 


Glare, to dazzle. 


Com' in, relation. 


Grate, for coals. 


Coz' en, a cheat. 


Great, large. 


Cyg' net, a young swan. 


Groan, to sigh. 


Sig' net, a seal. 


Groztfn, increased. 


Dam, to stop water. 


Hail, to salute. 


Damn, to condemn. 


Hale, sound, healthy. 


Dear, costly. 


Hair, of the head. 


Deer, a wild animal. 


Hare, an animal. 


Dew, moisture. 


Hall, a court of justice. 


Due, owed. 


Haul, to pull, to draw. 


Die, to expire. 


Hart, an animal. 


Dye, to colour. 


Heart, the seat of life. 


Doe a female deer. 


Heal, to cure. 


Dough, unbaked paste. 


Heel, part of the foot. 


Dun, brown colour. 


Hear, to perceive by the ear. 


Done, performed. 


Here, in this place. 


Fain, gladly. 


Herd, a number of beasts. 


Fane, a temple. 


Heard did heard. 


Feign, to dissemble. 


Hew, to cut. 


Faint, languid. [ance. 


Hue, a colour, 


Feint, a false appear- 


Hugh, a man's name. 


Fair, beautiful. 


Hie, to hasten. 


Fare, food. 


High, elevated, lofty. 


Feet, plural of foot. 


Him, that man. 


Feat, action, exploit. 


Hymn, a song of adoration. 


Fel loe, rim of a wheel. 


Hole, a hollow place. 


Fel low?, an associate. 


Whole, total. 


Flea, an insect. 


Hav, dried grass. 


Flee, to run away. 


Hey, an expression of joy. 


Flew, did fly. 


Ho, a sudden exclamation. 


Flue, soft down. 


Hoe, a garden tool. 


Fore, before. 


In, within. 


Fonr, twice two. 


Inn, a tavern. 


Foul, filthy, unclean. 


Kill, to slay. 


Fowl, a bird. 


Kiln, of brick. 


Freeze, to congeal. 


Lacks, doth lack. 


Frieze, a coarse cloth. 


Lax, looseness. 


Gate, a kind of door. 


Lade, to dip water. 


Gait, manner of walking. 


Laid, placed. 


Gilt, adorned with gold. 


Lane, a narrow street. 


Guilt, crime, an offence. 


Lain, did lie. 


Glaire, the white of an egg. 


Leaf, of a tree. 



124 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Lzef, willingly. 
Led, did lead. 
Lead, heavy metal. 

Leek, a root. 

Leak, to run out. 
Les' sen, to make less. 
Les' son, a task. 

Links, part of a chain. 

Lynx, a beast. 
Li 7 ar, a teller of lies. 
Lyre, a harp. 

LimZ>, a member. 

Limn, to paint. 
Lo, behold. 
Low, humble. 

Lock, to close fast. 

hough, a lake. 
Lone, single. 
Loan, any thing lent. 

Made, did make. [man. 

Maid, an unmarried wo- 
Mnil, a packet. 
Male, the he kind. 

Mam, chief. 

Mane, of a horse. 
Mar' shal, an officer. 
Mar' tial, warlike. 

Meed, a reward. 

Mead, a kind of drink 
Mean, of low rank. 
Mien, air, aspect. 

Meat, flesh, food. 

Meet, to come together. 

Mete, to measure. 
Me' ter, a measurer. 
Me' tre, poetical measure. 

Mewl, to cry as a child. 

Mule, an animal. 
Might, power. 
Mite, a small insect. 

Mi' ner, a worker in mines 

Mi' nor, one under age. 
Moan, to lament. 



Mown, cut down. 

Moat, a ditch. 

Mote, a small particle. 
Nap, a short sleep, 
if nap, to bite. 

Nay, no. 

'Neigh, the voice of a horse. 
Nave, of a wheel. 
.Knave, a rascal. 

Neal, to temper by heat. 

Kneel, to bend the knee. 
New, not old. 
.Knew, did know. 

Night, the time of darkness. 

Knight, a title of honour. 
No, not so. 
Know, to understand. 

Nose, of the face. 

Knows, doth know. 
Nun, a female recluse. 
None, not any. 

Oar, to row with. 

Ore, metal unrefined. 
Our, belonging to us. 
flour, sixty minutes. 

Fn.il, a vessel, 

Pale, faint of lustre. 
Pam, torment. 
Pane, a square of glass. 

Pair, two of a sort. 

Pare, to cut off. 

Pear, a kind of fruit. 
Pause, a stop. 
Paws, feet of a beast. 

Peace, quietness. 

Piece, a part. 
Peal, sound of bells. 
Peel, the skin or rind. 

Plum, a kind of fruit. 

PlumZ>, a weight on a line. 
Pole, a long stick. 
Poll, the head. 

Prac' tice use, custom. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



125 



Prac' ti.se, to do habitually, 
Pray, to supplicate. 
Pre?/, a booty. 
Prof it, gain. 

Proph' et, a foreteller. 
Ra/n, falling water. 
Rem, part of a bridle. 
Reign, to rule. 
Ra/se, to lift up. 

Rays, beams of light. 

Raze, to destroy. 
Rap, to strike. 
Wrap, to fold together. 

Red, a colour. 

Read, did read. 
Reed, a plant. 
Read, to peruse. 

Rest, ease. 

Wrest, to force. 
Right, just, true. 
Rite, ceremony. 
Write, to form letters. 
Wright, a workman. 

Ring, to sound. 

Wring, to twist. 
Road, the highway. 
Rode, did ride, 

Ruff, a neckcloth. 

Rough, not smooth. 
Rung, sounded. 
Wrung, twisted. 

Rye, a sort of grain. 

Wry, crooked. 
Sail, of a ship. 
Sale, the act of selling. 

Scene, part of a play. 

Seen, beheld. 

Seme, a fish net. 
Sea, the ocean. 
See, to behold. 

Scam, two edges joined. 

Seem, to appear. 



Seas, great waters. 
Sees, doth see. 
Seize, to lay hold of. 

Shear, to cut with shears 
Shire, a county. 
Size, bulk. 
Sighs, doth sigh. 

Sign, a token. 

Sine, a geometrical ±me. 
Slay, to kill. 
Slaie, a weaver's reed. 
Sley, to part into threads. 

Slight, neglect. 

Sleight, dexterity. 
So, thus. 

Sew, to join by threads. 
Soto, to scatter. 

Soar, to fly upwards. 

Sore, a tender place. 

Sow' er, one who sows. 
Sole, bottom of the foot. 
Soul, the spirit. 

Sum, the whole. 

Some, a part. 
Sun, the fountain of light. 
Son, a male child. 

Sord, turf 

Sword, a weapon. 
Stare, to look earnestly. 
Staa\ a step. 

Stake, a piece of wood. 

Steak, a slice of meat. 
Steal, to take by theft. 
Steel, hard metal. 

Stile, a set of steps. 

Style, manner of writing. 
Straight, not crooked. 
Strait, a narrow pass. 

Tacks, small nails. 

Tax, a rate. 
Tare, weight allowed. 
Tear, to rend. 



iv 



I 126 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOCK. 



Vale, a valley. 

Veil, a covering. 
Vam, useless, 
Vein, a blood vessel. 

Ware, merchandise. 



Wear, to consume. 
Weak, feeble. 
Week seven days. 

Wood, timber. 

Would, was willing 



SECTION LXXIV. 

Description of the Four Seasons. 
SPRING. 




The spring months are March, April, and May. Now 
the gentle gales begin to blow, and soft descending 
showers moisten the earth. 

The ground is covered with young verdant flowers : 
the trees put forth green buds, and deck themselves 
with blossoms. All nature is beautified with bloom, 
and perfumed with fragrant odours. 

The birds fill every grove with the sweet melody of 
their notes: they join in pairs to build their little nests, 
which naughty boys often destroy. 

The careful farmer now ploughs his fields, casts his 
grain into the earth, and waits for harvest. 

The tender lambs are playing about on the green 
grass, among the sweet flowers: the cuckoo sings, and 
universal nature seems to rejoice. 



THE PICTOEIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



127 



SUMMER. 




The summer months are June, July and August ; 
when the sun darts his heating rays with greater force 
on the earth, and lengthens out the day. 

The flocks and herds unable to endure the scorching 
heat, retire beneath the shade of some large spreading 
tree. 

Early in the morning, the industrious farmer walking 
forth with his scythe in his hand, goes into the mead- 
ow, and with a sweeping stroke cuts down the grass. 

The cheerful hay-makers with fork and rake soon 
follow. They toss, and turn, and spread the new-mown 
hay, and raise it into stacks. 

But behold ! the face of heaven is overcast ! black 
clouds arise, hoarse thunder at a distance first is heard, 
and soon the glaring flash, and loud amazing claps burst 
over their heads ; while from the teeming clouds the 
sudden shower with violence descends. 

But soon the shower is passed, and it is very pleas- 
ant again. How sweet the flowers smell ! the trees, 
the hedges, and the grass, look fresh and green. 

How beautiful are the fields of wheat ! The yellow 
harvest tempts the reaper's sickle, and the careful far- 
mer fills his spacious barn with various sorts of grain. 



128 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



AUTUMN OR FALL. 




The Autumnal months are September, October, and 
November. The mellow orchards now afford their va- 
rious fruits, such as apple, peach, pear, quince, and fig. 

Now the grape vines are loaded with delicious fruit, 
and the juicy grapes hang in clusters upon the branches. 

Now the verdure of the plants decay ; the leaves of 
the forest are nipped with frost ; they turn red and yel- 
low, and present a beautiful variety of shades to charm 
the eye. 

The sanguine sportsmen now traverse the fields and 
groves, with various instruments of death. The wide 
spreading net entangles the fluttering covey, while the fa- 
tal gun brings down the frighted partridge, plover, or fine 
plumed pheasant. 

But hark ! the cry of hounds, and the voice of hunts- 
men strike the ear ; and see ! the bounding deer flies over 
the forest. 

Now in the tangling woods, the boys with eagerness 
pull down the clustering nuts. 

Nowthe laborious bees are robbed of their winter stock 
of honey, and cruelly murdered. 

But lo ! the rising mists at morn and evening, the chil- 
ling breeze, the falling loaves, and the decayed herbage, 
declare the approach of a more dreary season. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



129 



WINTER. 




The winter months are December, January and Feb- 
ruary. Now the trees are all divested of their leaves. 

No birds fill the air with their sweet music ; no ver- 
dure clothes the plain, for the earth is covered with snow. 

The winds blow cold, the fogs arise, and the faint dim 
sun is scarcely seen or felt. 

The fur and wool supply warmth to the human race ; 
or round the cheerful fire they sit, and talk, and laugh, 
and sing, while through the long dark night the north 
wind blows, and the tempest roars. 

The powers of nature seem bound up or dead. The 
waters all congealed to ice, admit the crowds of sliding 
boys, or bolder youth with skates beneath their feet, who 
swiftly skim around the level surface. 

The careful farmer feeds his flocks and herds with 
hay ; and the thrasher in his barn, from morn to night, 
pursues the flail's laborious task. 

In Winter how white is the snow ! 

While boys on the ice are at play : 
In Spring the green herbage will grow, 

With all the sweet flowers of May. 

What charms does the Summer unfold ! 

While hay-makers breathe the sweet air: 
And Autumn brings treasures of gold, 

The apple, the peach, and the pear. 



!p!_ L , 

130 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION LXXV. 




The following words are somewhat similar in sound, and are often improperly 




pronou 


need alike. 




A' bel, a man's name. 


Due, owed. 




A' ble, having power. 


Do, to act. 




Ac cept', to receive. 


De cease', to die. 




Ex cept', to leave out. 


Dis ease', sickness. 




Ac cess', an approach. 


Dome, a building. 




Ex cess', superfluity. 


Doom, to sentence. 




Acts, deeds. 


Does, doth. 




Axe, to cut with. 


Doze, to slumber. 




Ask, to request. 


Dust, fine dry dirt. 




Af feet', to move. 


Durst, dared. 




. Ef feet', to bring to pass. 


E merge', to rise. 




Ar' rant, bad. 


Im merge' to put under water. 




Er' rand, a message. 


Em' i nent, exalted. 




Er' rant, wandering. 


Im' mi nent, threatening. 




Ba' con, smoked pork. 


Ex' tant, now in being. 




Bea' con, a light-house. 


Ex tent', utmost limits. 




Bal' lad, a song. 


File, an instrument. 




Bal' lot, a vote. 


Foil, to overcome. 




Bar' on, a title of honour. 


Harsh, rough, severe. 




Bar' ren, unfruitful. 


Hash, to mince. 




Bri' dal, nuptial. 


Ha' ven, a harbour. 




Bri' die, for a horse. 


Heav' en, the region above. 




Bust, an image. 


I die, lazy. 




Burst, to break suddenly. 


I dol, an image. 




Cents plural of cent. 


Isle, [ile] an island. 




Sense, sensation. 


Oil, grease, fat. 




Since, after, [time. 


Jest, a joke. 




C/iron' i cal, relating to 


Just, right, honest. 




CAron' i cle, a history. 


Lick' er ish, nice, delicate. 




Coat, a garment. 


Lie' or ice, a sweet root. 




Quote, to cite. 


Loam, a kind of earth. 




Con' cert, of music. 


Loom, a weaver's my.chine. 




Con' sort, a companion. 


Line, a string. 




Cork, to cork bottles. 


Loin, the reins. 




CaZk, to calk vessels. 


Marsh, wet ground. 




Coun' cil, an assembly. 


Mash, to bruise. 




Coun' sel, advice. 


Mesh, of a net. 




De scent', a going down. 


Mild, kind, tender. 




Dis sent', disagreement. 


Mile, eight furlongs. 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



131 



Mind, intelligent power. 
Mine, belonging to me. 

Mole, a small animal. 

Mould, to shape. 
News, tidings. 
Noose, a running knot. 

Of, [ov] concerning. 

Off, at a distance. 
Or' der, method. 
Or' dure, filth. 

Pal' ate, of the mouth 

Pal' let, a small bed. 
Pa' tron, a benefactor. 
Pat' tern, a specimen. 

Pies, a kind of food. 

Poise, to balance. 
Pint, half a quart. 
Point, a stop. 

Pop' u lace, the people. 

Pop' u lous, full of people. 
Prin' ci pal, chief. 
Prin' ci pie, first cause. 

Rack, to torture. 



Wreck, ruin, shipwreck. 
Itad' ish, a garden root. 
Red' dish, somewhat red. 

Re' al, true, genuine. 

Roy' al, kingly. 
Sal' a ry, stated hire. 
Cel' e ry, a species of parsley. 

Sects, parties in religion. 

Sex, male or female. 
Star' ling, a bird. 
Ster' ling, English money. 

Tile, earthen shingles. 

Toil, to labour. 
Track, a mark left. 
Tract, a country. 

Un do', to take to pieces. 

Un due', not due. 
Which, this or that, [lawful arts 
Witch, a woman given to un- 

Wan' der, to ramble abroad. 

Won' der, admiration. 
Yarn, spun wool, [passion. 
Yearn, to be moved with com- 



ODE TO CHILDHOOD. 

Childhood, happiest stage of life ! 
Free from care and free from strife ; 
Time, when all that meets the view, 
All can charm, for all is new : 
How thy long lost hours I mourn, 
Never, never to return. 

Then to toss the circling ball, 
Caught rebounding from the wall ; 
Then the mimic ship to guide 
Down the kennel's dirty tide ; 
Then the hoop's revolving pace 
Through the dusty street to chase — 
O what joy ! — it once was mine, 
Childhood, matchless boon of thine ; 
How thy long-lost hours I mourn, 
Never, never to return. 






132 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXVI. 
A Walk in the Fields, 




Here is the picture of Henry, and Lucy, and William, 
and little Mary, who, in company with their father, are ta- 
king a walk in the fields among the beautiful wild flowers. 

The father is talking to them about the trees, the grass, 
the flowers, and many other things ; and telling them a 
great deal which they did not know : hear what he is 
saying to them. 

The fir-tree grows on the high mountain, and the gray 
willow bends itself over the stream. The thistle is arm- 
ed with sharp prickles ; the mallows is soft and woolly. 
. The hop lays hold with her tendrils, and clasps the tall 
pole ; the oak has a firm root in the ground, and resists 
the winter storm. 

The daisy enamels the meadows, and grows beneath 
the foot of the passenger ; the tulip requires a rich soil, 
and the careful hand of the gardener. 

The iris and the reed spring up in the marsh ; the 
rich grass covers the meadows ; and the purple heath- 
flower enlivens the waste ground. 

The water-lillies grow beneath the stream, and their, 
broad leaves float on the water : the wall flower takes 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLIXG-BOOK. 



133 



root among the hard stones, and spreads its fragrance 
among broken ruins. 

Every leaf is of a different form ; every plant is a sep- 
arate inhabitant. 

Look at the thorns that are white with blossoms, and 
the flowers that cover the fields, and the plants that are 
trodden in the green path. 

The hand of man hath not planted them ; the sower 
hath not scattered the seeds from his hands, nor the gar- 
dener digged a place for them with his spade. 

Some grow on steep rocks where no man can climb ; 
some grow in bogs, and deep mires ; and others on de- 
sert islands ; they spring up every where, and cover th 
bosom of the whole earth. 

Who causes them to grow every where, and blows the 
seeds about in the wind, and mixes them with the earth, 
and waters them with soft rains, and cherishes them with 
dews ? 

Who fans them with the pure breath of heaven, and 
gives them colours and smells, and spreads out their thin 
transparent leaves ? 

How does the rose draw its crimson from the dark 
brown earth ; or the lily its shining white ? How can a 
small seed contain a plant? How does every plant know 
its proper season to put forth ? 

They are all marshalled in order; each one knows his 
place, and stands up in his own rank. 

When the spring comes, the snowdrop and primrose 
shoot forth ; the carnation waits for the full strength of 
the year ; and the hardy evergreen cheers the winter 
months. 

Every plant produces its like. An ear of corn will not 
grow from an acorn, nor will a grape-stone produce 
cherries ; but every one springs from its proper seed. 

Who preserves them alive through the cold winter, 
when the snow is on the ground, and the sharp white 
frost bites on the plain ? 

Who saves a small seed, and a little warmth in the bo- 
som of the earth, and causes it to spring up afresh, and 
sap to rise through the hard fibres ? 



12 



134 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



It is God the Creator of the world that does all these things. 
These are but a small part of his works, and a little portion of 
his wonders. 



SECTION LXXVIL 




The Blind Soldier. 

Charles, do you see that poor blind man at the door 1 Yes, 
mother, who is it? It is poor old Simon : he is an old soldier : 
he became lame and blind in the service of his country. The 
little boy you see with him, leads him from door to door. 

How sorry I am ! said Emma. — You once said, mother, 
we ought to be kind to old soldiers and sailors, because they 
fight to protect us. So I did, my dear Emma ; and poor old 
Simon, I am sure, deserves our kindness. 

Mother, said Charles, shall I give him my pennies ? and 
shall I give him my cake ? said Emma ; and I will give him 
mine too, said little Samuel. 

Well, my dear children, I will not restrain your gifts ; but 
Simon will like something more : we will give him some 
bread, and meat, and cheese, to carry home for his poor wife. 

Mother, Simon is now going — See ! he goes off so pleased ! 
and yet I saw the tears run down his cheeks when we gave 
him the provision ; and he said, " May Heaven reward you 
for your kindness." 

Very likely, my dear, they were tears of thanks and grati- 
tude. 



r l 




— 








J 

1 


THE PICTOEIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


135 




1 

1 

1 


SECTION LXXVIII. 






A Catalogue of all the Proper Na 


mes contained in the New 




Testament ; pronounced according to Walker's Rules for 




the pronunciation of Scripture P 


roper Names 


>. 




The same rules to be obsen 


•ed in the pronunciation of the following words, as 




in those taken from the Dictionary. 








In the following words, th h 


is its sharp sound, and c before h has the sound of 




k, unless 


otherwise denned. 








1 


1 


1 


1 


1 




Cam 


Ca naan 


Jo nan 


O see 


Si na£ 




Cftrist 


Ce dron 


Jo nas 


Pa phos 


Si na 




Crete 


Ce phas 


Jo ram 


Pe ter 


Si on 




Eve 


Ce sar 


Jo rim 


Pha lee 


Sta cftys || 




Greece 


Cfti os 


Jo se 


Pha moft 


Ste phen 




Greek 


Cftlo e 


Jo seph 


Pha res 


Sy cftar 




James 


Chu za 


Jo ses 


Phe be 


Sy cftem 




Jew 


Cui dus 


Ju da 


Phle gon 


Tha mar 




Job 


Co OS 


Ju daft 


Pi late 


Tha ra 




Jude 


Co re 


Ju das 


Pu dens 


Theu das 




Luke 


Co sam 


La mecft 


Ra ca 


Ti mon 




Medes 


Cy prus 


Le vi 


Ra cftab 


Titus 




Rhodes 


Da vid 


Le vites 


Ra chelj 


Tro as 




Spam 


De mas" 


Li nus 


Ra gan 


Za ra 




Tyre 


E gypt 


Lo is 


Ra hab 


Ze nas 




Aa ron 


E nocft 


Lu cas 


Ra ma 


A bra ham 




A bel 


E non 


Ma ath 


Rfte sa 


A dri a 




A cftaz 


E nos 


Ma gog 


Rfto da 


A si a§ 




A cftim 


E sau 


Ma ry 


Ro mans 


Be li al 




A gar 


Fe lix 


Me nan 


Ru fus 


Ca.i a phas 




A mon 


Fo rum 


Mo loch 


Sa doc 


Cle o phas 




A mos 


Ga ius* 


Mo ses 


Sala 


Cre ti ans IF 




A ram 


Ga za 


Ny ra 


Sa lem 


E lam ites 




A sa 


He ber 


Na cftor 


Sa lim 


E phra im 




A ser 


He brews 


Na in 


Sa mos 


E\i ty cftus 




A zor 


Heli 


Na than 


Sa ra or 


Ga bri el 




Baal 


I saac 


Na um 


Sa raft 


Ja i rus 




Ba iaam 


Ja cob 


Ne ri 


Sa ron 


Jo a tham 




Ba lak 


Ja rej 


Ne ro 


Sa rucft 


Ju li a 




Ba rak 


Ja son 


Ni gerf 


See va 


Ju li us 




Bo oz 


Je sus 


No aft 


Si don 


Ju ni a 




Bo sor 


Jo el 


Noe 


Silas 


Ju pi ter 




Ca na 


Jo na 


bed 


Si mon 


Iai ci us ** 




•ilikey. ig 


iard. % ch like tsh. || Sta' kees. § si 


like zhe. ^f ti like she. ** alike sta. ,■ 

















136 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


1 


2 


2 


2 


Ma di an 


Lys tra 


Ep a phras 


Scyth i ans 


Mi c/ia el 


Mai c7ms 


Eph e sus 


Sem e i 


Na a man 


Mat than 


Eph pha tha 


Ser gi us 


Ne ri us 


Mat that 


Gab ba tha 


Sil o am 


Khe gi um 


Mat thew 


Gal i lee 


Sim e on 


2 


Mel c/ii 


Gal li o 


Steph a nas 
Syn ty c/ie 


Cis 


Nag ge* 


Gid e on* 


Ei- 


Nym phas 


Is ra el 


Syr a cuse 


Gad 


Pat mos 


Is sa cftar 


Syr i a 


Sem 


Per ga 


It a ly 


Syr i ans 


Seth 


Per sis 


Jeph tha e 


Tab i tha 


Abba 


Phil ip 


Jer e my 


Ter ti us** 


Ad am 


Pris ca 


Jer i c/io 


Tim o thy 


Addi 


Rem phan 


Jez a bel 


Tych i cus 


An drew 


Sal mon 


Laz a rus 


Ur ba ne 


An na 


Sam son 


Lyb i a 


Zab u Ion 


An nas 


Smyr naf 


Ly ci a || 


Zeb e dee 


As sos 


Ag a bus 


Lyd i a 


Is ra el ites 


Ath ens 


Am pli as 


Lys i as 


3 


Bias tus 


An ti oc/i 


Mag da la 


Paul 


Cas tor 


An ti pas 


Man a en 


Saul 


C/iar ran 


Ap phi aj 


Mat ta tha 


Clau da 


Clem ent 


Ap pi i 


Mel i ta 


Cor ban 


Cres cens 


Aq ui la 


Mid i an 


Dor cas 


Cris pus 


Bab y Ion 


Mys i a 


Jor dan 


Der be 


Ben ja min 


Naz a reth 


Pau lus 


Em mor 


Beth a ny 


Neph tha lim 


Quar tus 


Es li 


Beth le hem 


Nic o las 


Clau di a 


Es rom 


Beth pha ge 


Nin eveh 


Clau di us 


Fes tus 


Cal va ry 


Nin e vites 


4 


Her mas 


Can aan ites 


Pat a ra 


Mark 


Her mes 


Can da ce 


Pat ro bas 


Car pus 


Her od 


Cen chre a 


Per ga mos 


Mar cus 


Jam bres 


Dam a ris 


Phar i sees 


Mar tha 


Jan na 


Dan i el 


Phryg i a 


Sar dis 


Jan nes 


Did y mus 


Pub li us 


Tar sus 


Jes se 


Em ma us 


Sad du cee* 


Ar te mas 


Jus tus 


El mo dam 


Sal a mis 


Bar na bas 


Lyd da 


El y mas 


Sam u el 


Bar sa bas 


* g hard. 

I 


+ Smer / na. $ Af 


' e a. {| Lish' e a. 


** ti like she. 



r — 

1 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLIXG-B00K 


—^ il 

137 1 


4 
Par me nas 


1 

Di a na 


1 

Cor ne li us 


a 

Dru sil la 


Par thi ans 


E li as 


• Cy re ni ans 


E ras tus 


5 


Eliud 


Cy re ni us 


Jo an na 


Gog 


E ne as 


Dal ma ti a* 


Ma nas ses 


John 


En bu lus 


De me tri us 


Na as son 


Lot 


jEu ni ce 


E li a kim 


Nar cis sus 


Cor inth 


E\x phra tes 


E phe si ans f 


Phi lip pi 


| Jop pa 


Jo si as 


E sa i as 


Phy gel lus 


01 ives 


Ju de a 


Eu. o di as 


Pris cil la 


Pol lux 


La se a 


Ga la ti a* 


Re bee ca 


Pon tus 


Leb be us 


Ga la ti ans * 


Sa rep ta 


Sod om 


Mat thi as 


Ga ma li el 


Se cun dus 


T/iom as 


Me le a 


He ro di ans 


Su san na 


Gol go tha 


Mi le turn 


He ro di as 


Ter tul lus 


Jos a phat 


Mi le tus 


I co ni urn 


Ty ran nus 


01 i vet 


Ni ca nor 


Je ru sa lem 


A eel da ma 


Pon ti us 


O zi as 


Ly sa ni as 


A min a dab 


ProcA o rus 


Pha nu el 


Ma le le el 


Am phip o lis 


Sod o ma 


Phe ni ce 


Ma thu sa la 


A syn cri tus 


Sol o mon 


Phi le mon 


Mer cu ri us 


Be el ze bub 


Sop a ter 


Phi le tus 


Pi si di a 


Beth ab a ra 


Sos the nes 


Rab bo ni 


Pre to ri um 


Bi thyn i a 


Troph i mus 


Ro bo am 


Pu te o li 


Ca per na um 


6 1 


Sal mo ne 


Sa la thi el 


Ci li ci a ^ 


Rome or RomeSa lo me 


Sa ma ri a 


Co rin thi ans 


Ruth or Ruth Sap phi ra 


Sel eu ci a:j: 


J)e cap o lis 


1 


Sil va nus 


Ti be ri as 


*E lis a beth 


A bi a 


Thad de us 


Ti be ri us 


E man u el 


A bi ud 


Ti me us 


Ti mo the us 


E pen e tus 


Al phe us 


Try phe ne 


2 


Ge nes a reth 


Ar e tas 


Try pho sa 


A bad don 


Gen nes a ret 


A zo tus 


U ri as 


A grip pa 


Geth sem a ne§ 


Bar je sus 


Zac che us 


A pel les 


11 lyr i cum 


Bar jo na 


Ze lo tes 


Ar c/iip pus 


Is car i ot 


Be re a 


A bi a thar 


Ar phax ad 


Mel c7iis e dec 


Ber ni ce 


A cAa i cus 


Au gus tus 


Na than J el 


Ca i nan 


Ar a bi a 


Ba rab bas 


Ne ap o lis 


C7tal de ans 


Ar a bi ans 


Beth es da 


nes i mus 


Cho ra zin 


A the ni ans 


Co rin thus 


Pam phyl i a i 


Cy re ne 


Beth sa i da 


Da mas cus 


Phe ni ci a J 


* ti like she. f si like z 


he. X ci like she. 


)g hard. 



12* 



srm 



133 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



2 

Phil lip pi ans 
Sa mar i tans 
So sip a ter 
Tro gyl li um 

5 
A pol los 
A poll yon 
Co los se 
Go mor mh 
Bar thol o mew- 
Co los si ans * 
Di ot re phes 
Her mog e nes 
Ni cop o lis 
Phi lol o gus 
The oph i lus 
Zo rob ab el 

1 

Dam a scenes 
Gad a renes 
Ger ge senes f 
II Naz a renes 
Ab i le ne 
An a ni as 
An dro ni cus 
Ar c/ie la us 
At ta li a 
Bar a c/ia is 



1 

Bar ti me us 
Ces a re a 
Dal ma nu tha 
E le a zar 
E li e zer 
El i se us 
Ez e ki as 
For tu na tus 
Gal i le ans 
Hy men e us 
Id u me a 
It u re a 
J^b o ni a/i 
Jer e mi as 
Mag da le ne 
Mat ta thi as 
Myt e le ne 
Nic o de mus 
Ptol e ma is 
Thy a ti ra 
TracA o ni tis 
Zac/i a ri as 
Ap ol lo ni a 
Cap pa do ci a £ 
E thi o pi a 
E thi o pi ans 
Lye a o ni a 
Mac e do ni a II 



1 

Mac e do ni ans || 
Nic o la i tans 
Sam o thra ci a ^ 
Thes sa lo ni ans 

2 
Al ex an der 
Ar ma ged don f 
Bo a ner ges 
Ad ra myt ti um 
Al ex an dri a 
Al ex an dri ans 
Dy o nys i us § 
On e siph o rus 
Phil a del phi a 

5 
A re op a gite f 
A re op a gus ■ 

1 
Ar i ma the a 
Ar is to bu lus 
E paph ro di tus 
La od i ce a 
La od i ce ans 
Pa ca ti a na 
Tal i tha cu mi 
Thes sa lo ni ca 
Mes o po ta mi a 

2 
Sy ro phe ni ci ans J 



Select Sentences. 

When we are told of a fault, we should always try to avoid 
it afterwards. 

We should be kind to all persons, even to those who are un- 
kind to us. 

A kind action gives pleasure both to ourselves, and those to 
whom we are kind. 

Never insult the poor : poverty entitles a man to pity rather 
than insult. 

A man of virtue is an honour to his country, a glory to hu- 
manity, a satisfaction to himself, and a benefactor to the world. 

j * Co losh' e anz. t g's hard. X ci like she. I| c like .<;. $ Dio rush' e us. 



F 1 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



139 



SECTION LXXIX, 




The Ox, the Cow, and the Calf. 

Here is the picture of an ox, a cow, and a calf. Oxen are 
large, strong animals ; they submit to the yoke, plough the 
fields, and draw the cart ; and are very useful to man. 

But cows may be considered the most useful of all animals. 
They give us milk, which is excellent food ; and. of which we 
make butter and cheese. 

The flesh of oxen and cows, is called beef. Their skins are 
made into leather, of which boots and shoes are made. 
Their tallow is made into candles. Their bones are used to 
make handles for tooth-brushes, nail-brushes, and also for 
making buttons. 

Of their horns, combs, buttons, and many other things are 
made. Their blood is sometimes used for purifying sugar ; 
and their hair is mixed with lime and sand to make mortar 
for plastering. 

The young animal is called a calf: its flesh is called veal. 
Leather is made of the skin, which is used for making shoes, 
and covering books. 



140 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXX. 




The Horse. 

The horse is a noble and useful animal. He can walk, trot, 
or run, and at the same time carry a man on his back. The 
rider governs him by signs which he makes with the bit, his 
foot, or the whip. 

Horses are sometimes used for drawing wagons, and carts ; 
sometimes for drawing coaches ; sometimes for ploughing the 
fields ; sometimes for running, or hunting ; and sometimes 
they are used in war. 

A horse knows his own stable, he distinguishes his compan- 
ions, remembers any place at which he has once stopped, and 
will find his way by a road which he has travelled. 

There is a great difference in horses, both in size and beau- 
ty ; both in strength and fleetness. The most beautiful horses 
in the world, it is said, are found in Arabia. 

In some parts of the world, horses run wild, and are found 
in droves of several hundred together. They run very fast, 
and defend "themselves from other animals, either by biting, 
kicking, or striking with their forefeet. 

A colt is a young horse, and is very fond of play. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



141 



SECTION LXXXI. 






Sheep and Lambs. 



Here is the picture of some fine sheep, and some beautiful 
little lambs ; see how they skip and play about on the green 
grass ! The sheep is a very useful animal, and is found in al- 
most all parts of the world. 

The flesh of the sheep is very good food ; it is called mut- 
ton. The sheep furnishes us with wool, from which our warm 
clothes are made : and the skin is used for covering books. 

Sheep are timid animals, and derive their safety from the 
care of man ; and they well repay him for his attention. In 
some countries they require the attendance of shepherds, and 
are penned up at night to protect them from the wolves. 

Wolves are very much like dogs in their appearance, but 
they are wild ; and when they are hungry, will kill sheep and 
lambs, and eat them. There are but few wolves in this coun- 
try, for men take great pains to kill them. 

Men at all times, and in almost all countries have taken 
much care of sheep. Sheep and shepherds are often mention- 
ed in the bible. 



145 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXXII 

The Elephant. 




Here we have the picture of an elephant ; which is the 
largest and strongest of all quadrupeds. In its wild state, it 
is neither fierce nor mischievous ; but mild and brave : it ex- 
erts its powers only in its own defence, or in that of the com- 
pany to which it belongs. 

The elephant has a rough skin, of a dark colour, with but 
little hair upon it. Fie has small eyes, but they are bright and 
penetrating. His great ears are flat ; and he sometimes moves 
them like a fan, to drive away dust and insects from his eyes. 

His legs are suited to the size of his body, being strong and 
massy. The trunk or proboscis is composed of muscles en- 
tirely at the will of the animal, He can move or bend it, 
lengthen, contract, or twist it in any direction. 

The end of the trunk is formed in such a manner, that he 
can pick up a small piece of money with it, untie knots, open and 
shut gates, and draw corks from bottles. With his trunk he 
gathers his food, puts it into his mouth, and draws up water to 
quench his thirst. 

When the elephant is once tamed, it is the most gentle and 
obedient of all animals. Its attachment to its keeper is remark- 
able, and it seems to live but to serve and obey him. It de- 
lights in music, and is much pleased with the sound of a trump- 
et and drum. Elephants live more than one hundred years. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



143 



SECTION LXXXIII. 




The Whale. 

The whale is the largest of all animals that have yet been 
discovered. The length of a full grown whale, may be stated 
as varying from fifty to one hundred feet. 

The head of the whale is very large in proportion to the 
size of the body : its eyes are very small, being little larger 
than those of an ox, and situated on each si le of the head. Its 
tail is its principal weapon, with which he can upset a boat, or 
dash it in pieces. 

Immediately beneath the skin lies the blubber or fat, which 
is from eight to twenty inches thick. It is for this and the 
whalebone that this animal is deemed so valuable ; and for 
which it is so much sought for by whale-fishers. 

A large whale yields more than one hundred barrels of oil, 
and a ton and a half of whalebone. The flesh of the whale 
is sometimes eaten by the inhabitants that live along the coasts 
where they are taken. 

There seems to be an analogy between the whale and the 
elephant ; for both are the strongest and largest animals in 
their respective elements, which are never to be dreaded, un- 
less injured or provoked. 



144 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXXIV. 
Insects. 




Here we have the picture of a variety of insects : how- 
pleasing on a fine summer's day to see these curious little 
creatures on the wing ! We meet with them every where in 
our walks, and in our houses. 

There are but very few insects that can hurt us. Some of 
them have stings, but they are not disposed to use them, unless 
we hurt or disturb them. 

Insects are the food of a great many birds. Birds are use- 
ful to us ; therefore, insects, which supply so many birds with 
food, must be useful also. 

The little ants are the food of many creatures, and Provi- 
dence has ordained that they should be a most numerous tribe 
of insects. 

Some insects are of very great use to man. The honey- 
bee furnishes us with honey, and wax ; and the silk-worm 
spins our silk. 

Some insects, when they become very numerous, do great 
injury : they sometimes destroy vegetation, and the fruits of 
the earth. 

But it is more agreeable to consider them as a beautiful and 
curious part of the creation, furnishing an inexhaustible source 
of rational amusement ; and proclaiming the wisdom of the 
Creator, as clearly, as the largest elephant that ranges the for- 
est, or the most huge whale that ploughs the ocean. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



145 



SECTION LXXXV. 

Rules and Examples for spelling Derivative 
Words* 

When the termination ed is preceded by t or d, it always 
forms an additional syllable ; but when preceded by any other 
letter, the e is generally silent, and the d added to the foregoing 
syllable, or the sound of d changed to t, which is added to 
the foregoing syllable : thus, print-ed, loved, mixed, are pro- 
nounced print'. ed lovd, mixt, &c* 

The following Rules and Examples, which were first published by 
the author in 1831, are given in this place, for the purpose of teach- 
ing more extensively the orthography of derivative words. Those 
inserted under the following rules, are not generally to be found in 
dictionaries, and are often spelled improperly ; and that too by those 
who are experienced in writing. We often see the plural of chimney 
spelled chimnies, instead of chimneys ; monies, instead of moneys; at- 
tornies, instead of attorneys. We sometimes see the derivatives of 
such words as emit, spelled emiting, emited, instead of emitting, emit- 
ted- abhoring, abhored, instead of abhorring, abhorred. Sometimes 
from limit, we see the derivatives written limitting, limitted, instead 
of limiting, limited • from ballot, ballotting, ballotled, instead of ballot- 
ing, balloted, &c. But if proper attention is paid to the following 
rules and examples, the learner will readily acquire a correct knowl- 
edge of them, which will serve as a complete guide to the spelling of 
derivative words throughout the language ; and correct many of the 
gross irregularities so common among writers. 

RULE I. 

Monosyllables, and words accented on the last syllable, ending with 
a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, double the final con- 
sonant when they assume another syllable beginning with a vowel.f 
EXAMPLES. 



2 


2 


2 


5 


5 


5 


Bed 


bed-ding 


bed-ded 


blot 


blot- ting 


blot-ted 


blur 


blur-ring 


blurred 


chop 


chop-ping 


chopped 


chat 


chat-ting 


chat-ted 


crop 


erop-pmg 


cropped 


dun 


dun-ning 


dunned 


dot 


dot-ting 


dot-ted 


hem 


hem-ming 


hemmed 


hop 


hop-ping 


hopped 


mud 


mud-ding 


mud-ded 


rob 


.rob-bing 


robbed 


rap 


rap-ping 


rapped 


2 


2 


2 


tip 


tip-ping 


tipped 


an-nul 


an-nul-ling 


an-nulled 


wed 


wed-ding 


wed-ded 


con-cui 


con-cur-ring 


con- cur red 


wrap 


wrap-ping 


wrapped 


o-mit 


o-mit-ting 


o-mit-ted 



* Scripture language, and adjectives not derived from verbs, as na- 
ked, wicked, are exceptions. 

t When an additional syllable changes the original accent, the fi- 
nal consonant is not doubled. 

13 



146 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




2 2 2 2 2 2 




out-wit out-wit-ting out-wit-ted 


un-ship un-ship-pingun-shipped 




re-fit re-fit-ting re-fit-ted 


5 5 S 




re-gret re-gret-ting re-gret-ted 


al-lot al-lot-ting al-lot-ted 




re-mit re-mit-ting re-mit-ted 


be-sof be-sot-ting be-sot-ted 




tre-pan tre-pan-ningtre-panned 
: un-fit un-fit-ting un-fk-ted 


be-spot be-spot-ting be -spot-ted 




un-clog un-clog-ging un-clogged 




un-pin un-pin-ning un-pinned 


un-stop un-stop-ping un-stopped 




Exception. — When the primitive ends in x, the final consonant is 




not doubled in forming derivatives. 




EXAMPLE. 




2 2 2 2 2 




Fix fix-ing fixed 


an-nex an-nex-ing an-nexed 




! tax tax-in g taxed 


per-plex per-plex-ing per-plexed 




jj vex vex-ing vexed 


pre-fix pre-fix-ing pre-fixed 




RULE II. 




Words ending with a single consonant preceded by a diphthong, 




■ do not double the final consonant when they assume another syllable. 




EXAMPLE. 




Ill oi oi oi 




Aid aid-ing aid-ed 


broil broil-ing broiled 




aim aim-ing aimed 


foil foil-ing foiled • 




bait bait-ing bait-ed 


toil toil-ing toiled 




bloat bloat-ing bloat-ed 


ou ou ou 




cheer cheer-ing cheered 


loud loud-er loud-est 




fail fail-ing failed 


proud proud-er proud-est 




; rain rain-ing rained 


sour sour-er sour-est 




roam roam-ing roamed 


I I 1 




train train-ing trained 


be-wail be-wail-ing be-wailed 




wail wail-ing wailed 


con-geal con-geal-ing con-gealed 




dear dear-er dear-est 


con-tain con-tain-ing con-tained 




meek meek-er meek-est 


pro-ceed pro-ceed-ing pro-ceed-ed 




sweet sweet-er sweet-est 


re-peat re-peat-ing re-peat-ed 




RULE III. 




Words' ending with a consonant, preceeded by another consonant, 




do not double the final letter when they take an additional syllable. 




EXAMPLE. 




2 2 2 2 2 5 




Act act-ing act-ed 


as-sist as-sist-ing as-sist-ed 




blend blend-ing blend-ed 


con-sent con-sent-ing con-sent-ed 




churn churn-ing churned 


con-tend con-tend-ing con-tend-ed 




hunt hunt-ing hunt-ed 


cor-rect cor-rect-ing cor-rect-ed 




hint hint-ing hint-ed 


de-fend de-fend-ing de-fend-ed 




jest jest-ing jest-ed 


dis-turb dis-turb-ing dis-turbed 




jump jump-ing jumped 
land land-ing land-ed 


en-list en-list-ing en-list-ed 




ex-tend ex-tend-ing ex-tend-ed 




lisp lisp-ing lisped 


in-sist in-sist-ing in-sist-ed 




print ^rint-ing print-ed 


re-turn re-turn-ing re-turned 




rest itst-ing rest-ed 


un-pack un-pack-ing un-packed 




1; test teal-ing test-ed 


u-surp u-surp-ing u-surped 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



147 



RULE IV. 

Words ending with a consonant, when the accent is on a prece- 
ding syllable, do not double the final letter when they take another 
syllable. 

EXAMPLE. 



2 
Bal-lot 
buf-fet 
mer-it 
pil-fer 



bal-lot-ed 
buf-fet-ed 
mer-it-ed 
pil-fered 



bal-lot-ing 
buf-fet-ing 
mer-it-ing 
pil-fer-ing 
quiv-er quiv-er-ing quiv-ered 
riv-et riv-et-ing riv-et-ed 
scat-ter-ing scat-lered 
suf-fer-ing suf-fered 
ut-ter-ing ut-tered 
vis-it-ing vis-il-ed 



scat-ter 
suf-fer 
ut-ter 
vis-it 



al-ter-ing 
au-dit-ing 
or-der-ing 
5 
fod-der-ina 



3 

al-tered 
au-dit-ed 
or-dered 
5 
fod-dered 



3 

Al-ter 
au-dit 
or-der 
5 

fod-der 
pon-der 
prof-fer 
prof-it 

2 
in-her-it 

Exception. — When words of this class end with Z, the I is doubled 
in the derivatives.* 



pon-der-ing pon-dered 
prof-fer-ing prof-fered 
prof-it-ing prof-it-ed 

2 2 

in-her-it-ina in-her-it-ed 



EXAMPLE, 



1 
Du-el 
e-qual 
li-bel 
ri-val 
2 
bar-rel 
can-eel 
cav-il 



1 
du-el-ling 
e-qual-ling 
li-bel-ling 
ri-val-ling 

2 
bar-rel-ling 
can-cel-ling 
cav-il-ling 



1 

du-elled 
e-qualled 
li-belled 
ri-valled 
2 

bar-relied 
can- celled 
cav-illed 



2 
grav-el 
lev-el 
rav-el 
rev-el 
sniv-el 
tin-sel 
trav-el 
tun-nel 

RULE V. 



grav-el-ling 

lev-el-ling 

rav-el-ling 

rev-el-ling 

sniv-el-ling 

tin-sel-ling 

trav - el-ling 

tun-nel-ling 



grav-elled 

lev-el led 

rav-elled 

rev-elled 

sniv-elled 

tin-selled 

trav-elled 

tun-nelled 



When words ending in y preceded by a consonant, 
additional termination beginning with a vowel, the y 
into i ; except when ing is added, in which case the y 
that i may not be doubled. 

EXAMPLE. 



assume an 
is changed 
is retained, 



1 

ITo-ly 
la-zy 
li\ e-ly 
de-i-fy 
no-ti-fy 
pu-ri-fy 
2 

pit-y 
ral-ly 
stud-y 
hap-py 



ho-li-er 
la-zi-er 
live-li-er 
de-i-fy-ing 
no-ti-'fy-ing 
pu-ri-iy-ing 
2 

pit-y-ing 
ral-iy-ing 
stud-y-ing 
hap-pi-er 



1 
ho-li-est 
la-zi-est 
live-li-est 
de-i-fied 
no-ti-fied 
pu-ri-fied 

2 

pit-ied 
ral-lied 
stud-ied 
hap-pi-est 



2 2 

he&v-y heav-i-er 
mer-ry mer-ri-er 
mud-dy mud-di-er 
ed-i-fy ed-i-fy-ing 
jus-ti-fy jus-ti-fy-ing 
sat-is-fy sat-is-fy-ing 
tes-,ti-fy tes-ti-fy-ing 

8 8 

blood-y blood-i-er 
come-ly come-li-er 
love-ly love-li-er 



heav-i-est 

mer-ri-est 

mud-di-est 

ed-i-fied 

jus-ti-fied 

sat-is-fied 

tes-ti-ned 

8 
blood-i-est 
come-li-est 
love-li-est 



* Some writers are of opinion that this exception ought not to be made, 
and that these words should be spelled with but one I according to the gene- 
ral rule. 



148 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



but-ter-fly 

des-ti-ny 

en-e-my 

his-to-ry 

lib-er-ty 



but-ter-flks 

des-ti-nks 

en-e-mks 

his-to-rks 

lib-er-tks 



a-cad-e-my 

ca-lam-i-ty 

fes-tiv-i-ty 

in-dem-ni-ty 

so-lem-ni-ty 



a-ead-e-mks 

ca-lam-i-iks 

fes-tiv-i-ties 

in-dem-ni-ties 

so-lem-ni-tks 



RULE VI. 

When a termination is added to a word ending with y, preceded 
by a vowel, the y is retained in the derivative.* 



1 

Al-lay 

ar-ray 

be-tray 

de-cay 

de-fray 

de-lay 



al-lay-ing 

ar-ray-ing 

be-tray-ing 

de-eay-ing 

de-fray-ing 

de-lay-ing 



EXAMPLE. 

9 
con-vey 
pur-vey 
sur-vey 
o-bey 
oy 

an-noy 



al-layed 

ar-rayed 

be-t rayed 

de-cayed 

de-frayed 

de-layed 



9 9 

con-vey-ing con-veyed 
pur-vey-ing pur-veyed 
sur-vey-ing sur-veyed 
o-bey-ing o-beyed 

oy oy 

an-noy-sng an-noyed 



dis-play dis-play-ing dis-played de-stroy de-stroy-ing de-stroyed 



clay 

day 

2 

ab-bey 

al-ley 

chim-ney 

en-voy 



1 
bays 
clays 
days 
2 

ab-beys 
al-leys 
chim-neys 
en-voys 



2 

gat-ky 
jour-ney 
kid-ney 
val-ky 

5 
vol-ley 

8 
mon-ey 



2 
gal-leys 
jour-neys 
kid-neys 
val-ky s 

vol-leys 

8 
mon-eys 



RULE VII. 

Words ending with double letters, taking an additional syllable, 
generally preserve the letters double. 



EXAMPLE, 



1 


\ 


1 


gross 


gross-er 


gross-est 


2 


2 


2 


bless 


bless-in g 


blessed 


dress 


dress-ing 


dressed 


gwess 


g7*ess-mg 


guessed 


kiss 


kiss-ing 


kissed 


press 


press-mg 


pressed 


puff 


puff-ing 


puffed 


snuff 


simff-ing 


snuffed 


stiff 


stiff-er 


stiff-est 



2 2 2 

as-sess as-sess-ing as-sessed 

ca-ress ca-ress-ing ca-ressed 

con-fess con-fess-ing con-fessed 

de-press de-press-ing de-pressed 

di-gress di-gress-ing di-gressed 

dis-cuss dis-cuss-ing dis-cussed 

dis-tress dis-tress-ing dis-tressed 

ex-press ex-press-ing ex-pressed 

pro-fess pro-fess-ing pro-fessed 

re-press re-press-ing re-pressed 

Exception. — Some words ending with double 2, and taking an 
additional syllable beginning with a consonant, omit one I; as, skill, 
skilfull, skilfulness. 



• Lay, pay and say, from which are derived laid, paid, and said, 
are exceptions to this rule. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



149 



RULE VIII. 

When ing is added to words ending with silent e, the e is omitted \ 
but in forming the perfect participle, the e is retained, and d only is 



added. 

1 
Cease 
praise 
raise 
range 
seize 
waste 

2 

bab-ble 
baf-fle 
coup-le 
crip-ple 
daz-zle 
han-dle 



1 

ceas-ing 


EXAMPLE. 


ceased 


i 

de-cide 


prats-ing 


praised 


de-face 


razs-mg 


raised 


de-fine 


rang-ing 


ranged 


de-vise 


seiz-ing 


seized 


de-vote 


wast-ing 


wast-e-d 


di-vide 


2 


2 


e-vade 


bab-bling 


bab-bled 


ex-pire 


baf-fling 


baf-fled 


in-cite 


coup-ling 


coup-led 


pro- vide 


crip-pling 


crip-pkd 


re-fine 


daz-zling 


daz-zled 


re-fuse 


han-dling 


han-dled 


re-fute 



i 1 

de-ci-ding de-ci-ded 

de-fa-cing de-faced 

de-fi-ning de-fined 

de-vi-sing de- vised 

de-vo-ting de-vo-ted 

di-vi-ding di-vi-ded 

e-va-ding e-va-ded 

ex-pi-ring ex-pired 

in-ci-ting in-ci-ted 



pro-vi-ding pro-vi-ded 
re-fi-ning re-fined 
re-fu-sing re-fused 
re-fu-ting re-fu-ted 

RULE IX. 

Primitive words ending with a diphthong, preserve both vowels in 
forming their derivatives. 

EXAMPLE. 

5 5 

bor-row-ing bor-rowed 
hol-low-ing hol-lowed 

1 1 

re-new-ing re-newed 
re-view-ing re-viewed 

OW OW 

al-low-ing al-lowed 
a-vow-ing a-vowed 
en-dow-ing en-dowed 
Exception. — When ing is added to words ending with te, the final 

e is omitted, and i changed to y ; but in forming the perfect participle, 

the e is retained, and d only is added. 



1 


1 


1 


5 


Crow? 


crow-mg 


crowed 


bor-row 


flow 


flow-ing 


flowed 


hol-low 


glow 


glow -ing 


glcnoed 


1 


grow 


grow-ing 


growed 


re-new 


2 


2 


2 


re-vzew 


bel-low 


bel-low-ing 


bel-lowed 


ow 


bur-row 


bur-row-ing 


bur-rowed 


al-low 


har-row 


har-row-ing 


har-rowed 


a- vow 


mel-low 


mel-low-ing 


mel-lo?#ed 


en-dow 







EXAMPLE, 






1 
Die 

lie 


1 
dy-ing 
ly-ing 


1 1 

died | tie 
lied 1 vie 


1 

ty-ing 
vy-ing 


1 

tied 
vied 



RULE X. 

Derivative words, forming the plural number of nouns, are generally 
formed by adding s or es to the singular. 
EXAMPLE. 
11 llll 

Cake cakes door doors heap he<ns 

chain chains floor floors name name* 

13* 



150 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



side 

slave 

year 

grace 

fleece 

force 

niece 



1 
sides 
slaves 
years 
gra-ces 
flee-ces 
for-ees 
nie-ces 



2 
bridge 
dunce 
fence 
judge 
purse 
quince 
wedge 



2 
bridg-es 
dun-ces 
fen-ces 
judg-e5 
pur-ses 
quin-ces 
wedg-es 



2 
church 
dress 
press 
sash 
stitch 
wish 
witeh 



church-es 

dress-e5 

press-es 

sash-es 

sti2ch-es 

wish-es 

witah-es 



Exceptions. — The principal nouns, the plurals of which are not 
formed by the foregoing rules, are comprised in the following list. 



Beau 

caZf 

child 

foot 

&nife 

leaf 

loaf 



beaux 

caZves 

chil-dren 

feet 

knives 

leaves 

loaves 



life 

louse 

mouse 

ox 

sheaf 

shelf 

staff 



lives 

lice 

mice 

ox-en 

sheaves 

shelves 

staves 



thieves 
teeth 
wives 
broth-ers ) 
breth-ren ) 
penknife pen-knives 
pen-ny pence 



thief 
tooth 
wife 

broth-er 



SECTION LXXXV. 

Examples of Prefixes and Suffixes. 

The rules for spelling derivative words, given in the preceding sec- 
tion, apply to those contained in this section likewise ; and to all 
others in the language. The examples here given, are, to show the 
various changes produced in the meaning of words, by prefixing or 
adding other syllables to them. The learner must remember that 
the same modifications apply, not only to those inserted in each ex- 
ample here, but to all similar words in the language. 

A prefix, is one or more syllables prefixed to a word, to vary its sig- 
nification : as, appear, to be in sight ; dis-appear, to vanish ; re- 
appear, to appear again. 

A suffix, is one or more syllables added to a word, to vary its sig- 
nification : as, joy, gladness ; joy-ful, full of joy ; joy-ful-ness, state of 
being joyful. 

EXAMPLE I. 

Words formed by prefixing dis, and re. 
Dis, prefixed to words, signifies privation, disunion; and 
sometimes negation. 

Re, means back, again, or repetition* 

Ap pear dis-ap pear 

to be in sight. to vanish. 

Ap point dis-ap point 

to fix, establish* to defeat, balk. 

Con! pose dis-com pose 

to form ; to quiet. to disorder ; disturb. 

In ter dis-in ter 

to bury. to take out o£ a grave 



re-ap pear 

to appear again. 

re-ap point 

to appoint again. 

re-com pose 

to form, or quiet anew. 

re-in ter 

to bury again. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



151 



Em bark 

to enter on shipboard. 

En gage 

to enlist ; to bind. 

Pos sess 

to have as an owner. 

Unite 

to join ; to adhere. 

Em bod y 

to form into a body. 

Or gan ize 

to construct. 

In her it 

to receive by inherit- 
ance. 



dis-em bark 

to go on shore. 

dis-en gage 

to separate ; to free. 

dis-pos sess 

to put out of possession. 

dis-u nite 

to separate, divide. 

dis-em bod y 

to divest of the body. 

dis-or gan ize 

to derange. 

dis-in her it 

to deprive of inherit- 
ance. 



re-em bark 

to embark again. 

re-en gage 

to engage again. 

re-pos sess 

to possess again. 

re-u nite 

to join again. 

re-em bod y 

to embody again. 

re-or gan ize 

to organize again. 

re-in her it 

to inherit again. 



EXAMPLE II. 

Words formed by prefixing mis, pre, and re. 
Mis, prefixed to a word, signifies wrong, erroneous. 
Pre, denotes priority of time or rank. 
Re, means again, or repetition, (as before.) 



Call 

to name. 

Count 

to number, reckon. 

Form 

to make. 

Place 

to put in place, fix. 

Con duct 

to lead, guide. 

Judge 

to decide. 

Elect 

to choose, select. 

En gage 

to enlist ; to employ. 

Es tab lish 

to fix, settle. 

Ex am ine 

to search into, try. 



mis-call 

to call wrong. 

mis-count 

to reckon wrong. 

mis-form 

to form wrong. 

mis-place 

to place wrong. 

mis-con duct 

to conduct amiss. 

pre-judge 

to judge beforehand. 

pre-e lect 

to elect beforehand. 

pre-en gage 

to engage beforehand. 

pre-es tab lish 

to settle beforehand. 

Pre- ex am ine 

to examine beforehand. 



re-call 

to call again. 

re-count 

to count again. 

re-form 

to form anew. 

re-place 

to put again in place. 

re-con duct 

to conduct back. 

re-judge 

to judge again. 

re-e lect 

to elect again. 

re-en gage 

to engage again. 

re-es tab lish 

to establish again. 

re-ex am ine 

to examine again. 



152 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



EXAMPLE III. 

Words formed by prefixing over, counter, ante, and post. 
Over, denotes excess, or superiority. 
Counter, means against, or opposite. 
Ante, signifies before. Post, signifies after. 



Act 

to do, perform; to imi- 
tate. 

Bal ance 

to make equal ; settle. 

Poise 

to weigh. 

Date 

to note the time of an 
act or event. 

Di lu vi an 

relating to the 
deluge. 

Me rid i an 

mid-day , noon. 



o ver-act 

to do or perform to ex- 
cess. 

o ver-bal ance 

to exceed in weight or 
value. 

o ver-poise 

to outweigh. 

an te-date 



coun ter-act 

to act in opposition ; 

to hinder. 
coun ter-bal ance 
to weigh or balance 
against. 

coun ter-poise 

to equal, to balance. 

post-date 



to date before the true to date later than the 
time. real time. 

an te-di lu vi an post-di lu vi an 

existing before the existing after the 

deluge. deluge. 

an te-me rid i an post-me rid i an 

being before noon. being after noon. 



EXAMPLE IV. 

Words formed by prefixing in, un, im, il, ir, and ig 

In and un, prefixed to words, generally mean not, negation, 
or privation. 

lm, il, ir, and ig, which are substituted for in, signify the 
same. 

Ho ly un-ho ly 

pure, sacred. wicked, not pure. 

Ea sy un-ea sy 



Ac tive m-ac tive 

quick ; busy. not active. 

Clem ent in-clement 

mild, merciful, not clement. 

De cent in-de cent 

fit, becoming, not decent. 



quiet, not difficult, not easy. 

Mor al im-mor al 



virtuous. 



* These prefixes, in some few words, add intensity of meaning to the 
primitive words; as press, to squeeze; im-press, to press in or on: 
fold, to double; infold, to .fold in: radiate, to emit rays; ir-radiate, 
to emit more rays. 

Un, sometimes means, undoing: an fold, to double ; un-fold, to undo 
the folding : lock, to fasten ; un-lock, to open a lock. 

In, when the word has a negative meaning, and will admit of it, is i 
mostly used, and is considered preferable. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



153 



Mor tal 

subject to death. 

Per feet 

faultless, pure. 

Prop er 

Jit, peculiar. 

No ble 

dignified, brave. 



im-mor tal 

never dying. 

im-perfect 

defective, not pure. 

ini-prop er 

not proper. 

ig-no ble 

mean, worthless. 



Le gal il-le gal 

lawful. unlawful. 

Lib er al il-lib er al 

generous, free, not liberal. 

Reg u lar ir-reg u lar 

exact, orderly. not regular. 

Res o lute ir-res o lute 

firm, bold. wavering. 



EXAMPLE V. 

Prefixes, which are applied to but few words in the language. 
Semi, liemi, and demi, mean half, 

Anti, means against, or opposed to, ( 

Circum, signifies around. 
Super, denotes excess, over, or above. 
Non, signifies not ; or gives to words a negative meaning. 



Sphere 

a globe, orb. 

Cir cle 

a round figure. 

An nu al 

yearly. 

Pa pal 

belonging to the 
pope. 

Feb rile 

partaking offe- 



hemi-sphere 

half of a globe. 

sem i-cir cle 

half of a circle. 

sem i-an nu al 
half yearly. 

an ti-pa pal 

opposing popery. 



an ti-feb rile 

good against fe- 
ver, vers. 
NaV i gate cir cum-nav i gate 
to sail. to sail round. 



Add su per-add 

to subjoin, in- to add over and 
crease. above. 

Fine su per-fine 

not coarse. eminently fine. 

Hu man super- hu man 
having the quali- above what is 
ties of a man. human. 

Appearance non-appearance 

coming in neglect of ap- 

sight. pearing. 

Res i dence non-res i dence 

residing in a not residing in 
place. a place. 



The following prefixes denote number : bi, tri, tetra,penta, sex, heza, 
sept, hepta, oct, octa, dec, deca, cent. 
Bi-en ni al, lasting, or being every two years. 
Tri-en ni al, lasting, or being every three years. 
Sex-en ni al, lasting, or being every six years. 
Sep-ten ni al, lasting, or being every seven years. 
Oc-ten ni al, lasting, or being every eight years. 
De-cen ni al, lasting, or being every ten years. 
Cen-tenni al, lasting, or being every one hundred years. 
Tet ra-gon, a square, ox four-sided figure. 
Pen ta-gon, a figure of five sides or angles. 
Hex a-gon, a figure of six sides or angles. 
Hep ta-gon, a figure of seven sides or angles. 
Oc ta-gon, a figure of eight sides or angles. 
Dec a-gon, a figure of ten sides or angles. 



154 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



EXAMPLE VI. 

Words formed by adding ful, and less. 
Ful, added to a word, denotes abundance. 
Less, means without, or wanting. 

Fear fear-ful fear-less 

to be afraid of. full of fear. without feaf. 

Help help-ful help-less 

to aid, assist. affording aid. without help. 

Mirth mirth-ful mirth-less 

merriment. full of mirth. without mirth. 

Pain pam-ful pain-less 

distress. full of pain. without pain. 

* Thought thought-fill tho^At-less 

act of thinking. full of thought. careless, heedless. 

Mer cy mer ci-ful mer ci-less 

tenderness 'forgiveness, full of mercy. without mercy. 

Pow er pow er-ful pow er-less 

authority, force. full of power. without power. 

EXAMPLE VII. 
Words formed by adding ly, and ness. 
Ly, added to a word, means like, or in a manner. 
Ness, denotes state or quality. 



Base base-ly 

mean, vile. in a base manner. 

Brisk brisk-ly 

lively, active. actively. 

Cheap cheap-ly 

of low' price. at a low price. 

Pen sive pen sive-ly 

sorrowful. sorrowfully. 

Qui et qui et-ly 

still, calm. calmly, at rest. 

Rap id rap id-ly 

quick, swift. quickly, swiftly. 

EXAMPLE VIII. 
Words formed by adding er,* or, ster, ess, ress and stress 
Er, or, and ster, denote the agent or performer of an action. 
Ess, ress, and stress, denote the female sex ; as poet -ess, 

act-ress, seam-stress. 



base-ness 

meanness. 

brisk-ness 

liveliness. 

cheap-ness 

lowness of price. 

pen sive-ness 

melancholy. 

qui et-ness 

rest, calmness. 

rap id-ness 

quickness, swiftness. 



* Er, when forming the comparison of adjectives, is an exception. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



155 



Song 

a 'poem, a ballad. 

Di rect 

to order, address. 



act-ress 

a female who acts. 

hunt-ress 

a female hunter. 

seam-stress 

a female who sews. 

song-stress 

a female singer. 

di rect-ress 

a female who directs. 



Act act-or 

to do, perform. he that acts. 

Hunt hunt-er 

to chase, search. he tliat hunts. 

Seam seam-ster 

two edses united. one who sews. 

song-ster 

a singer. 

di rect-or 

one who directs. 
EXAMPLE IX. 

Words formed by adding able, ible, ily, ability, and ibility. 

Able, or ible, added to a word,signifies worthy to be, or capa- 
ble of being. 

Ity, ability, or ibility, signifies the state, condition, or quality 
of being. 

Ac cept ac cept-a ble 

to receive, take, likely to be accept- 

admit. ed, pleasing. 

Ac cess ac cess-i ble 

admission, in- that which may be 

crease. approached. 

Ad mire ad mi-ra ble 

to regard, esteem, worthy of being ad- 

love, mired. 

C o ir form con form-a ble 

to comply with. like, suitable. 

Re sist re sist-i ble 

to oppose, to act 



ac cept-a bil i ty 

the quality of being ac- 
ceptable. 

ac cess-i bil i ty 

the quality of being ac- 
cessible. 

ad mi-ra bil i ty 

the quality of being ad- 



that which may be 
resisted. 



con form-i ty 

compliance with. 

re sist-i bil i ty 

tlte quality of re- 
sisting. 

EXAMPLE X. 

Words formed by adding ize, ist, and ism. 

Ize, added to a word, means to make, assimilate, treat of, or 
become. 

1st, denotes a person skilled in, or devoted to, some art, sci- 
ence or practice. 

Ism, means doctrine, practice, or principles. 



Dra ma 

a play. 

Mor al 

\virtuous, honest, 
just. 



dram a-tize 

to represent in a drama. 

mor al-ize 

to speak or write on 
morality. 



dram a-tist 

a writer of a drama. 

mor al-ist 

a teacher of morals ; 
a moral man. 



1 

156 THE 


\ 
PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




Sat ire 


Sat ir-ize 


sat ir-ist 




) severe censure of vice 


to censure as in a 


one who writes 




or folly. 


satire. 


satires. 




Har mo ny 


har mo-nize 


har mo-nist 




musical concord, 


to agree, to corres- 


a musician ; a har- 




agreement. 


pond. 


monizer. 




Mag net 


mag net-ize 


mag net-ism 




the loadstone, the stone 


to impart or receive 


the properties of the 




that attracts iron. 


magnetism. 


magnet. 




Mod ern 


mod ern-ize 


mod ern-ism 




late, recent. 


to render modern. 


modem practice. 




Pa gan 


pa gan-ize 


pa gan-ism 




a heathen. 


to render heathenish. 
EXAMPLE XI. 


heathenism. 




Words formed by adding ive, 


and ion. 




Ive, tive, and sivt 


, mean tending to, or 


having the power or 




nature of. 








Ion, lion and sion, denote the act, or state of being. 




Afflict 


af flict-ive 


af flic-tion 




to give pain. 


giving pain, painful. 


being afflicted. 




At tend 


at ten-tive 


at ten-tion 




to wait on, listen. 


heedful, regardful. 


act of attending. 




Cre ate 


ere a-tive 


ere a-tion 




to make, form. 


having power to create. 


the act of creating. 




Op press 


Op press-ive 


op pres-sion 




to burden. 


burdensome. 


act of oppressing. 




Re tarn 


re ten-tive 


re ten-tion 




to keep, to hold. 


able or apt to retain. 
EXAMPLE XII. 


act of retaining. 




Words formed by adding ous, al, ish, age, 


ance, ence, and ment. 




Ous, and al, added to words, signify pertaining to, belonging 




to, full of or like. 








Ish, means like, somewhat like, or in some degree like. 




Age, denotes rank, state, condition, reward or possession. 




Ment, ance, and 


ence, denote the act of 


state of being, condi- 




Hon, or that which. 








Haz ard haz ard-ous 


Ru in 


ru in-ous 




danger ; cliance. dan 


gerous. 


destruction, destructive. 




Mar vel mar vel-ous 


Ven om ven om-ous 




to wonder. wonderful. poison. 


poisonous. 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 157 




, ... 

Crime crim i-nal 


Peer 


peer-age 




an o fence. wicked, faulty. 


a nobleman; an dignity of a 




Doc trine doc trin-al 


asso ciate. 


peer. 




precept, princi- containing doc- 


Per son 


per son-age 




ple ; teaching, trine. 


a man, woman, a person of dis- 




Form form-al 


or child. 


Unction. 




shape, figure ; regular ; cere- 


Pu pil 


pu pil-age 




ceremony, monious. 


a scholar. 


state of a scholar. 




Frac tion frac tion-al 


At tarn 


at tam-ment 




part of a whole belonging to a 


to gain. 


acquisition. 




number. broken number. 


Mer ry 

gay, jovial. 


mer ri-ment 




Black black-ish 


mirth. 




dark ; dismal, somewhat black. 


Per form Derform-ance 




Child child-ish 


to do, execute 


: act of performing : 




a young person, like a child. 


to act a port. an action. 




Clown clown-ish 


Re pent 


re pent-ance 




a rude person, rude, ill-bred. 


to exercise re- 


sorrow for sin, peni- 




Damp damp-ish 


pentance. 

Oc cur 


tence. 




moist, watery, rather damp. 


oc cur rence 




Pa rent parent-age 


to come, appear, any event that hap- 




fat/ier or mother, birth, decent. 


happen. 


pens. 




Promiscuous Exercises. 




The words to be defined according to the explanations given in the 




preceding examples. 






Joy, gladness. in-ac-tive 


Ac-cept, to take, re- 




joy-f'ul in-ac-tive-ly 


ceive. 




joy-ful-Iy in-ac-tiv-i-ty 


ac-cept-er 




joy-ful-ness in-ac-tion 


ac-cept-ance 




joy-less re-act 


ac-cept-a-tion 




joy-less-ly re-ac-tion 


ac-cept-a-ble 




joy-less-ness o-ver-act 


ac-cept-a-bly 




joy-ous coun-ter-act 


ac-eept-a-ble-ness 




joy-ous-ly coun-ter-ac-tion 


ac-cept-a-bil-i-ty 




joy-ous-ness Legal, lawful, ac~ 


un-ac-cept-a-ble 




Act, to do, perform. cording to law. 


Con -form, to comply 




ac-tive le-gal-ly 


with ; make like. 




ac-tive-ly le-gal-ize 


con-form-er 




ac-tive-ness le-gal-i-ty 


con-form-ist 




ac-tiv-i-ty il-le-gal 


con-for-ma-tion 




act-or il-le-gal-ly 


con-form-i-ty 




act-ress il-le-gal-ize 


con-form-a-ble 




ac-tion il-le-gal-i-ty 


in-con-form-i-ty 




ac-tion-a-ble il-le-gal-ness 


non-con-form-ist !] 





14 



158 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



non-con-form-i-ty 
Cor-rupt, to infect, 

defile ; vicious, 

spoiled. 
cor-rupt-er 
cor-rupt-ly 
cor-rupt-ness 
cor-rupt-ive 
cor-rup-tion 
cor-rupt-i-bk 
cor-rupt-i-bly 
cor-rupt-i-ble-ness 
cor-rupt-i-bil-i-ty 
un-cor-rupt 
in-cor-rupt 
in-cor-rupt-ive 
in-cor-rupt-ness 
in-cor-rup-tion 



in-cor-rupt-i-ble 

in-cor-rupt-i-ble-ness 

in-cor-rupt-i-bil-i-ty 

Gov-ern, to rule, di- 
rect, manage. 

gov-ern-or 

gov-ern-ess 

gov-ern-ment 

gov-ern-ment-al 

gov-ern-a-ble 

un-gov-ern-a-ble 

mis -gov-ern 

mis-gov-ern-ment 

Mature, ripe ; com- 
plete ; to ripen, 
to perfect. 

ma-ture-ly 

ma-tu-ri-ty 



im-ma-ture 
im-ma-ture-ly 
im-ma-ture-ness 
im-ma-tu-ri-ty 
pre-ma-ture 
pre-ma-ture-ly 
pre-ma-ture-ness 
pre-ma-tu-ri-ty 
An-ffu-Iar, ) * . 
An-|u-lous \ lumn S 
angles or corners. 
an-gu-lar-ly 
an-gu-lar-i-ty 
bi-an-gu-lous 
tri-an-gu-lar 
pent-an-gu-lar 
sex-an-gu-lar 
sept-an-gu-lar 
oct-an-gu-lar 



SECTION LXXXVII. 

Brief introduction to the Arts and Sciences, including explana- 
tions of some of the Phenomena of Nature. 

Agriculture, the most useful and important of all pursuits, is 
the knowledge of soils, and their proper adaptation and man- 
agement for the production of food for man and beast. 

Architecture is the art of planning and building all sorts of 
edifices according to the best models. 

Commerce is the art of exchanging one commodity for 
another, by buying and selling, with a view to gain ; by which 
one country participates in the productions of all others. 

Sculpture is the art of carving or hewing stone, and other 
hard substances, into images. 

Painting is one of the fine arts ; and by a knowledge of the 
principles of drawing, and the effects of colours, it teaches to 
represent all sorts of objects. 

Anatomy is the art of dissecting the human body when dead, 
and of examining and arranging its component parts, in order 
to discover the nature of diseases, and thereby promote the 
knowledge of medicine and surgery. 

Biography is the historical account of the lives of particular 
men, and may be called the science of life and manners. 

Chronology is the science of computing time, and distinguish- 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



159 



ing its parts, so as to determine what period has elapsed since 
any memorable event. 

Arithmetic is the art of computing by numbers : it consists 
of four separate operations ; addition, subtraction, multiplica- 
tion, and division. 

History is a narrative of past events, relative to all ages and 
nations. It is the guide of the statesman, and the favourite 
study of the enlightened scholar. It is the common school of 
mankind, equally open and useful to all. 

Natural History includes a description of the forms and in- 
stinct of animals, the growth and properties of vegetables, and 
whatever else is connected with nature. 

Botany is that part of natural history which treats of vegeta- 
bles : it arranges them in their proper classes, and describes 
their structure and use. 

Cosmography is a description of the world, or the universe, 
including the earth and infinite space. It divides itself into 
two parts, geography and astronomy. 

Geography is that science which makes us acquainted with 
the constituent parts of the globe, and its distribution into land 
and water. It also teaches us the limits, boundaries, and pecu- 
liarities of countries. 

Astronomy is that grand and sublime science which makes 
us acquainted with the figures, distances, and revolutions of the 
planetary bodies, and with the nature and extent of the uni- 
verse. 

Philosophy is the study of nature, of mind, and of morals, on 
the principles of reason. 

Logic is the art of employing reason efficaciously, in inqui- 
ries after truth, and in communicating the result to others. 

Poetry is the art or practice of writing poems, or pieces in 
verse ; by arranging the words and syllables in such equal 
order, as to produce that harmony which distinguishes it from 
prose. Verse may be either blank or in rhyme. In blank 
verse, the last words of the line do not correspond in sound, 
as they do in rhyme. 

Music is the science of harmony, produced by a combina- 
nation of melodious sounds. 

Air is a transparent, invisible, elastic fluid, encompassing the 
globe to the height of several miles. It contains the principles 
of life and vegetation ; and is found by experiment to be eight 
hundred times lighter than water. 



100 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Wind is a sensible agitation of the air, whereby a large 
quantity flows in a current out of one region into another. 

Clouds are vapours suspended in the air, from a quarter of 
a mile to two miles high. A fog is a cloud which touches the 
earth. 

Dew is produced from extremely subtile particles of water 
floating about in a calm and serene air, which being con- 
densed by the coolness of night, fall to the earth in fine and 
delicate rains. 

Mists are a collection of vapours commonly rising from 
marshes or rivers, and become more visible as the light of the 
day decreases. When a mist ascends high in the air, it is 
called a cloud. 

Rain is produced from clouds, condensed, or run together by 
the cold ; which, by their own weight, fall in drops of water. 
When they fall with violence, they are supposed to be impelled 
by the attraction of electricity. 

Hail is merely drops of rain in a frozen state. It is formed 
from rain, congealed by the coldness of the atmosphere, in its 
descent. 

The Rainbow is produced by the refraction and reflection of 
the sun's beams from falling drops of rain. It can only be seen 
when the spectator turns his back to the sun, and when it rains 
on the opposite side. 

Tides are the alternate flux and reflux of the sea, which 
takes place about every six hours. 

Thunder and Lightning are occasioned by the power called 
electricity. Lightning consists of a stream of the electrical 
fire or fluid, passing between the clouds and the earth ; and 
the thunder is nothing more than the explosion with its echoes. 

Thunder and Lightning bear the same relation to each 
other, as the flash and the report of a cannon ; and by the 
space of time which occurs between them in both cases, their 
distance from a particular spot may be known, reckoning 1142 
feet for every second. 

An Earthquake is a sudden motion of the earth, supposed to 
be caused by electricity, or by steam, generated in caverns of 
the earth. 

Religion is the worship offered to the Supreme Being, in a 
manner that we conceive to be the most agreeable to his re- 
vealed will, in order to procure his blessing in this life, and 
happinesss in a future state. 







THE PICTORIAI 


- SPELLING-BOOK. 


161 






SECTIOxN LXXXVIII. 








NUMBERS. 






Letters. 


Figure. 


Names. 


Letters. 


Figures. 


Names. 


I 


- 1 


- One 


XX 


- 20 - 


Twenty- 


II 


- 2 


- Two 


XXX 


- 30 - 


Thirty 


III 


- 3 


- Three 


XL 


- 40 - 


Forty 


IV 


- 4 


- Four 


L 


- 50 - 


Fifty 


V 


- 5 


- Five 


LX 


- 60 - 


Sixty 


VI 


- 6 


- Six 


LXX 


- 70 - 


Seventy 


VII 


- 7 


- Seven 


LXXX 


- 80 - 


Eighty 


VIII 


- 8 


- Eight 


XC 


- 90 - 


Ninety 


IX 


- 9 


- Nine 


c 


- 100 - 


1 hundred 


X 


- 10 


- Ten 


cc 


- 200 - 


2 hundred 


XI 


- 11 


- Eleven 


ccc 


- 300 - 


3 hundred 


XII 


- 12 


- Twelve 


cccc 


- 400 - 


4 hundred 


XIII 


- 13 


- Thirteen 


D 


- 500 - 


5 hundred 


XIV 


- 14 


- Fourteen 


DC 


- 600 - 


6 hundred 


XV 


- 15 


- Fifteen 


DCC 


- 700 - 


7 hundred 


XVI 


- 16 


- Sixteen 


DCCC 


- 800 - 


8 hundred 


XVII 


- 17 


- Seventeen 


DCCCC 


- 900 - 


9 hundred 


XVIII 


- 18 


- Eighteen 


M 


- 1000 - 


1 thousand 


XIX 


- 19 


- Nineteen 


MDCCC 


XXXIX - 


1839 









SECTION LXXXIX, 



A. Answer. 
A. A. S. Fellow of the 
American Academy. 
A. B. Bachelor of Arts. 

A. D. In the year of 
our Lord. 

{Master of Arts; 
Before noon ; 
or In the year 
of the world. 
Apr. April. 
Aug. August. 
Bart. Baronet. 

B. D. Bachelor of Di- 
vinity. 

B. V. Blessed Virgin. 

C. or cent, a hundred. 
Capt Captain. 
Cash. Cashier. 
Chap. Chapter. 
Chron. Chronicles. 



Abbreviations used in Writing. 

q \ Company ; or Beg. Degree. 
' * ( County. Del. Delaware. 

Col. Colonel, [ers. 
Com. Commission- 
Conn, or Ct. Connec- 
ticut. 
Cor. Corinthians. 
C. P. S. Keeper of 
the Privy Seal. 

C. S. Keeper of the 
Seal. 

Cr. Credit. 
Cts. Cents. 
Cwt. Hundred 
weight. 

D. C. District of 
Columbia. 

D. D. Doctor of Di- 
vinity. 
Dea. Deacon. 
Dec. December. 



Dept. Deputy. 
Deut. Deuteronomy. 
Do. or Ditto. The 

same. 
n 5 Doctor ; or 
ur - (Debtor. 
E. East 

Eccl. Ecclesiastes. 
t-, , 5 Edition ; or 
Ed { Editor. 
E.G. For Example. 

hn %' \ English. 
Ep. Epistle. 
Eph. Ephesians. 
Esq. Esquire. 
„ i Example ; or 
^ x ' (Exodus 
Exr. Executor. 



v? 



162 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Feb. February. 
Fig. Figure. 
Flor. Florida. 



Fr 



I France ; or 



Francis. 

F. R. S. Fellow of the 
Royal Society. 

Gal. Galatians. 

Geo. J George; or 
I Georgia. 

Gov. Governor. 

p. \ General ; or 

Gen ' \ Genesis. 

Gent. Gentleman. 

Hon. Honourable, 

Hund. Hundred. 

Ibid. In the same place. 

Ind. Indiana. 

Inst. Instant. 

Isa. Isaiah. 

Jac. Jacob. 

Jan. January. 

Josh. Joshua. 

Jun. Junior. 

K. King. 

Km. Kingdom. 

Kt. Knight 

T 5 Lord ; or 

L ' (Lady. 

Lat. Latitude. 

lbs. Pounds. 

L. C. Lower Canada. 

Lev. Leviticus. 

Lieut. Lieutenant 

LL. D. Doctor of 
Laws. 

Lon. Longitude. 

Lou. Louisiana. 

L. S. Place of the seal. 

M. Marquis. 

Maj. Major. 

Mass. Massachusetts. 

Mat. Matthew. 

Math. Mathematics. 

M.B. Bachelor of Phy- 
sic. 

M. D. Doctor of Physic. 

Md. Maryland. 

Me. Maine. 



M \ Master ; or 

Mr '\ Mister. 

Messrs. gentlemen; 
( or Sirs. 

Mrs. Mistress. 

M. P. Member of 
Parliament 

MS. Manuscript. 

MSS. Manuscripts. 

N. North. 

N. B. Take Notice. 

N. C. North Caro- 
lina. 

N. H. New Hamp- 
shire. 

N. J. New Jersey. 

No. Number. 

Nov. November. 

N. S. New Style. 

N. W. T. North 
Western Terri- 
tory. 

N.Y. New York. 

O. Ohio. 

Obj. Objection. 

Obt Obedient 

Oct. October. 

O. S. Old Style. 

Pari. Parliament. 

Penn. or Pa. Penn- 
sylvania. 

Per. by the ; (as per 
yard, by the yard.) 

Per cent. By the hun- 
dred. 

Pet Peter. 

Phil 5 Philip ; or 

rniJ * ( Philipians. 

Philom. A lover of 
learning. 

p M j Post Master ; 
* * \ or Afternoon. 

P. O. Post Office. 

P. S. Postscript 

Ps. Psalm. 

Pres. President 

Prof. Professor. 

n K Question ; or 

^ I Queen. 



Rev. 



Qr. Quarter. 

Regr. Register. 

Rep. Representa- 
tive. 

{ Revelation ; 
( or Reverend. 

Rt. Hon. Right Hon- 
ourable. 

Rom. Romans. 

R. I. Rhode Island. 

« t South ; or 

D ' ( Shilling. 

S. A. South America. 

Sam. Samuel. 

S. C. South Caro- 
lina. 

Sec. \ i ection ' "■ 
( Secretary. 

Sen J Senator ; or 

feen * * Senior. 
Sept September. 
Serg. Sergeant 
Servt. Servant. 
Q . 5 Saint ; or 
bt * {Street 
S.T.P. Professor of 

Divinity. 
S. T. D. Doctor of 

Divinity. 
Tenn. Tennessee. 
Thess. Thessalo- 

nians. 
Tho. Thomas. 
Tim. Timothy. 
U. C. Upper Canada. 
Ult. The last 
U. S. A. United 

States of America. 
Va. Virginia. 
Viz. To wit ; 

namely. 
Vt Vermont 
W. West 
W. I. West Indies. 
Win. William. 
Wp. Worship. 
Wt Weight 
Yd. Yard. 
&c. And so forth. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



163 



SECTION XC. 

Explanation of the Pauses and Characters used in writing. 
Punctuation is the division of a composition into sentences or parts 
of sentences, by points or marks denoting a total suspension of the 
voice during a certain space of time, in order to show more clearly the 
sense and relation of words. 

The comma ( , ) denotes a pause the time of pronouncing one sylla- 
ble; the semicolon, (;) two; the colon, (:) three; and the period, 
( . ) four. 

(?) The interrogation point is used when a question is asked ; 
as, " Why do you weep?" 

(!) The exclamation point is used after any thing wonderful or 
surprising ; as, " My friend ! this conduct amazes me !"" 

( ) The parenthesis includes something explanatory, which if left 
out, would not obscure the sense ; and should be read in a quicker and 
lower tone of voice than the rest of the sentence. 

[ ] The brackets include a word or sentence which serves to ex- 
plain something that precedes or follows. 

( ' ) An apostrophe denotes the omission of one or more letters ; 
as, lov'd, tho\ for loved, though. It likewise denotes the possessive 
case ; as, John's hat. 

( - ) A hyphen joins words or syllables ; as, ink-stand. 
( " " ) A quotation denotes a passage that is taken from some other 
author. 

. ( a) A caret is used only in writing, to show that a letter or word 
has been left out ; as, he^ 3 a dutiful child. 

( — ) A dash denotes a sudden pause, or a change of subject. 
{ A brace is used to connect several lines or words 
( together. 

0° An index points to some important passage. 
fT A paragraph denotes the beginning of a new subject 
5 A section is used to subdivide chapters. 

* t J H An asterisk and other references refer to some note in the 
margin or at the bottom of a page. 

Capital Letters. 
Capital letters should be used at the beginning of every book, chap 
ter, note, and sentence : they should begin all appellations of the 
Deity ; proper names of persons, places, rivers, mountains, lakes, &c. 
and all adjectives derived from proper names ; and the pronoun I, and 
interjection O ; likewise every line of poetry. 

Whole words are sometimes printed in CAPITALS, to denote 
their peculiar importance, or to render them conspicuous or em- 
phatical. 

Small capitals, and Italic characters, are also used for the same 
purpose ; but denote a less degree of importance or emphasis. 

In writing, words intended for capitals, should have three lines 
drawn under them ; for small capitals, two ; and for italics, one. 



164 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XCI. 

ERRORS IN PRONUNCIATION. 

A few of the most common errors in pronunciation are here pointed 
out, for the purpose of directing the attention of learners to this impor- 
tant subject. Great care is necessary, to form a clear, distinct, and 
correct articulation, at the very commencement of study. 

The examples here given, embrace but few of the words belonging 
to each class. 

1. In the first place, the omission of the sound of r, in such words 
as farm, harm, star, force, floor, more, worth, world, horse? remorse — 
incorrectly pronounced, fa'm, ha'm, sta\ fo'ce, floo', mo'e, wo'th, 
wo'ld, ho'se, remo'se. 

2. Adding the sound of r to such words as idea, potato, tobacco — 
mispronounced, idear, potatur, tobaccur. 

3. Omitting the sound of o in such words as history, memory, vic- 
tory — mispronounced, hist'ry, mem'ry, vict'ry. 

4. Omitting the sound of e in such words as every, several, totter- 
ing, utterance, murderer — mispronounced, ev'ry, sev'ral, tott'ring, 
utt'rance, murd'rer. 

5. Sounding the diphthong oi like long i, in such words as boil, 
hoist, joint, oil, point, spoil — mispronounced, bile, histe, jinte, ile, pinte, 
spile. 

6 Omitting the sound of h in such wortfs as wheat, what, white, 
whale, whisper — mispronounced, w'eat, w'at, w'ite, w'ale, w'isper. 

7. Adding the sound of u after I and r, in such words as elm, 
helm, alarm, overwhelm — mispronounced, elum 5 helum, alarum, over- 
whelm. 

8. Sounding o like u in sucn words as collect, command, complete, 
confine, correct — mispronounced. cullect ; cummand. cumplete, cun- 
fine, currect. 

9 Sounding e like u, in such words as silent, prudent, dependence, 
providence — mispronounced, snunt, prudunt, depend unce, providunce. 

10. Sounding a like u, in such words as defiance, defendant, de- 
scendant — mispronounced, defiunce, defendunt, descendunt. 

11. Omitting the sound of g, in the termination rng ; as in walking, 
dancing, eating, sleeping, morning, running, resting, writing — incor- 
rectly pronounced, walkin, dancin ; eatin, sleepin, mornm, runnin, 
restin, wntin. 



SECTION XCI1. 

EQUIVOCAL WORDS; 

EACH OF WHICH HAS SEVERAL DIFFERENT MEANINGS. 



Ball, a round substance : — an en- 
tertainment of uancing. 

Bank, a heap of earth: — a place 
where money is kept. 



Base, vile, worthless: — the foun- 
dation. 

Beam a piece of timber : — a ray of 
light 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



165 



Bill, the beak of a bird : — an ac- 
count of money. 

Blade, the sharp part of a weap- 
on : — a leaf of grass. 

Box, a case or chest : — a blow : — 
name of a tree. 

Charge, accusation : — expense : — 
command. 

Coun-ter, a shop table : — contra- 
ry to. 

Dear, beloved : — expensive. 

Die,to expire : — stamp used in coin- 
age : — a colour — a small cube. 

Draw, to pull : — to take from a 
cask : — to delineate. 

Drug, a medicinal simple : — any 
worthless thing. 

Ear, the organ of hearing: — a 
spike of corn. 

Fair, beautiful: — just: — a stated 
market. 

Fast, firm : — swift : — abstinence 
from food. 

Fig-ure, shape : — a statue : — a nu- 
merical character. 

Fit, proper : — a paroxysm. 

Flag, a water plant: — a paving 
stone : — colours or ensigns. 

Foot, the part on which we 
stand : — twelve inches. 

Game, sport : — a single match at 
play : — animals chased. 

Grave, a place for the dead : — so- 
lemn, serious : — to carve. 

Graze, to feed on grass : — to touch 
lightly. 

Hail, frozen rain : — to salute. 

Hide, to conceal : — the skin of an 
animal. 

Hop, to jump on one leg :— a 
climbing plant 

Kind, benevolent : — a sort 

Lawn, fine linen : — an open space 
between woods. 

League, a confederacy : — three 
miles. 

Let-ter, an alphabetic charac- 
ter : — a written message. 



Lie, to utter wilful falsehoods: — 
to rest 

Light, illumination: — not heavy: 
— to kindle. 

Like, resembling : — to be pleased 
with. 

Lock, fastening for doors : — a tuft 
of hair or wool : — works to con- 
fine water in a canal. 

March, the third month : — to walk 
in procession. 

Meal, a repast : — the edible part 
of corn. 

Mean, base, low : — to intend : — to 
signify. 

Mine, a place containing miner- 
als : — belonging to me. 

Mint a plant : — the place where 
money is coined. 

Nail an iron spike : — the horny 
substance at the end of the fin- 
gers and toes. 

Nap, a short sleep : — down on 
cloth. 

Ner-vous, vigorous : — having 
weak nerves. 

Ounce, an animal : — a weight 

Pine, a tree : — to languish. 

Pump, an engine to raise water : — 
a shoe. 

Race, a generation : — a course at 
running. 

Re-pair, to mend : — to go to. 

Rest, repose : — remainder. 

Ring, a circle : — to sound. 

Rose, a flower : — did rise. 

Rush, a plant :— to move with vio- 
lence. 

Sage, a plant : — wise. 

Spring, one of the four seasons : — 
elastic force : — a fountain. 

Steep, much inclined : — to soak. 

Swal-low, a bird :— to take down 
the throat. 

Well, a deep narrow pit of water : 
— in good health. 

Yard, enclosed ground : — a mea- 
sure of three feet 



166 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XCIII. 

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CATECHISM. 

Q. What are your social duties ? 

A. As a citizen of the United States, I am bound to obey the laws 
of my country. 

Q. What is law ? 

A. Law is a command to do, or not to do, or a permission to do, 
some act; and must be made by competent authority. 

Q. For what purpose are laws made ? 

A. For the protection and security of the people and their property 
against violence, oppression, injustice, and the ungovernable passions 
of those who would injure and destroy one another, if they were not 
restrained. 

Q. What is considered the supreme law of the land? 

A. The Constitution of the United States ; together with all laws 
and treaties made under its authority. 

Q. What constitutes the United Slates ? 

A. The United States consist of a union of Twenty-six independ- 
ent states, besides extensive territories, united under one general 
government. 

Q. What is political government? 

A. It is the exercise of authority over nations or states, by enforcing 
or administering such laws as are given in any community. 

Q. What is the government of the United States ? 

A. It is called Republican — which is a free government, and may 
be considered the happiest and best in the world. 

Q. In whom is the sovereign power vested? 

A. In the people. They elect their own officers or rulers, who are 
accountable to them for all their actions. 

Q. Into how many branches is the general government divided ? 

A. Three : the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. 

Q. What is legislative power ? 

A. The power of making laws. 

Q. What is executive power ? 

A. The power of administering, or putting the laws into execution. 

Q. What is the judicial power ? 

A. The power of trying causes, and deciding all matters of con- 
troversy. 

Q. Who are the principal officers of the United States ? 

A. The president, vice-president, senate, and house of representa- 
tives ; and the different officers by them appointed. 

Q. In whom is the executive power vested ? 

A. In the president ; who is placed at the head of the nation. 

Q. How are the president and vice-president chosen ? 

A. They are chosen for four years, by electors appointed for that 
purpose, in such a manner as each state shall by law direct. 

Q. How are the laws oftlce United States made? 

A. They are made by the Senate, and House of Representatives ; 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 167 



who are called the " Congress of the United States" — and must be 
approved and signed by the President* 

Q. What is the Senate of the United States ? 

A. It is composed of two senators from each state ; chosen by the 
state legislature for six years. 

Q. Who is president of the Senate? 

A. The vice-president of the United States. 

Q. What is the House of Representatives ? 

A. It consists of members from all the states in the Union ; chosen 
by the people every two years. 

Q. How often do Congress meet ? 

A. They generally meet once a year ; on the first monday in De- 
cember. 

Q. Where do they meet ? 

A. At the Capitol, in the city of Washington. 

Q. In whom is the judicial power of the United States vested. 

A. In the Supreme Court of the United States, composed of nine 
judges ; and in such inferior courts, as Congress may ordain and 
establish. 

Q. How far does the judicial power extend ? 

A. To all cases in law and equity, arising under the constitution, 
treaties, and laws of the United States. 

Q. What is the distinction between the National and State Gov- 
ernments ? 

A. There is a distinct and perfectly organized government, for the 
whole people of the United States, for certain defined purposes ; in 
which all the people have a common interest : and there are likewise 
State Governments for all other purposes, which act within their own 
limits, and on their own citizens. Every person is, at all times, subject 
to both these governments. 

Q. What are the State Governments ? 

A. They are representative Republics. 

Q. How are they conducted ? 

A. By written constitutions, adopted by the people, and tho laws 
made under them. 

Q. Into how many branches is each state government divided ? 

A. Three : the legislative, executive, and judicial. 

Q. Hoiv are the state laws made ? 

A. Similar to those of the United States. 

Q. Who is the principal officer of each state ? 

A. The Governor. 

Q. How is he appointed ? 

A. In some states, he is elected by the people ; in others by the le- 
gislature. 

Q. How are the states divided? 

A. Into counties ; and the counties into towns : each of which 
have their officers. 



* If the President refuse to sign a bill, and two thirds of both branches of 
Congress concur, it becomes a law without the President's signature. 



168 



THE. PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Q. What is the chief object of law ? 

A. The prevention of crimes, by punishment, for the example ( 
others, with imprisonment and death. 

Q. What are some of the crimes for which death is inflicted. 
' A. Murder, piracy, arson, and treason. 

Q. How are crimes not capital, punished? 

A. By imprisonment in the state prison for life, or for a number of 
years ; by imprisonment in the common jail, and fine ; by confine- 
ment in houses of correction, and fine ; or by fine only. 

Q. How is the guilt of an offender ascertained ? 

A. By public trial in a court of law ; in which twelve persons are 
a sworn jury, to decide whether they all think him guilty, or not 
guilty. 

Q. Is the duty of a juryman important ? 

A. It is one of the most important duties that a citizen is called 
upon to perform. The life, liberty, property, and honour of individuals 
are at his disposal : because every juror must agree to the verdict 
before it can be pronounced ; and each one is bound to decide accord- 
ing to his own view of the subject, and not according to the views or 
wishes of others. 

Q. What are the means of avoiding crimes ? 

A. Constantly to avoid temptation ; always to shun bad or loose 
company ; never to spend more than your income ; never to do what 
your conscience tells you is wrong ; and always to remember you are 
in the presence of your Maker. 

Q. What are the other motives for avoiding crimes ? 

A. The experience of all wicked men, and their frequent declara- 
tions, that a life of crime is a life of anxiety, trouble, torment, and 
misery : and also the known fact, that contentment, health, cheerful- 
ness, and happiness, attend a good conscience, and an honest and vir- 
tuous life. 

Q. What is the duty of good citizens ? 

A. To be respectful to rulers, and obedient to the laws ; to maintain 
the public peace ; to earn by honest and useful industry, in their seve- 
ral callings, the means of subsistence ; to reverence and respect the 
duties of religion ; and to perform all the relative and social duties of 
life with honesty and humanity. 



PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Names. 



Born. 



Elected 
Pres. 



Service, 
No. yrs. 



Age. 



1. George Washington, 

2. Jchn Adams, 

3. Thomas Jefferson, 

4. James Madison, 

5. James Monroe, 

6. Jchn Quir.cy Adams. 
V. Andrew Jackson, 

S. Marnr* Vau Buren, 



1732 


1789 


8 


66 


1735 


1797 


4 


66 


1743 


1801 


8 


66 


1751 


1809 


8 


66 


1759 


1817 


8 


66 


1767 


1825 


4 


62 


1767 


1829 


8 


70 


1782 


1837 







Dec. 14, 1799, 



July 4, 
July 4, 
June 28, 
July 4, 



1826, 
1826, 
1836, 
1831, 



THE END. 



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